Cardiopulmonary and hematological effects of infrared LED photobiomodulation in the treatment of SARS-COV2
Pâmela Camila Pereira, Carlos José De Lima, Adriana Barrinha Fernandes, Renato Amaro Zângaro, Antonio Balbin Villaverde
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112619
Background: COVID-19 disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which can trigger acute respiratory syndrome, which presents with dense alveolar and interstitial infiltrates and pulmonary edema, causing severe hypoxemia and significant alteration to pulmonary mechanics with reduced pulmonary compliance. The photobiomodulation technique alters cellular and molecular metabolism, showing promising results regarding the reduction of acute pulmonary inflammation. Objective: To compare the photomodulation technique using near-infrared LED to conventional respiratory physiotherapy treatment in patients with COVID-19 in reversing acute conditions, reducing hospitalization time, and decreasing the need for oxygen therapy. Methodology: The cohort was comprised of 30 patients undergoing COVID-19 treatment who were divided and allocated into two equal groups randomly: the LED group (LED), treated with infrared LED at 940 nm and conventional therapy, and the control group (CON), who received conventional treatment (antibiotic therapy for preventing superimposed bacterial infections, and physiotherapy) with LED irradiation off. Phototherapy used a vest with an array of 300 LEDs (940 nm) mounted on a 36 cm × 58 cm area and positioned in the patient's anterior thoracic and abdominal regions. The total power was 6 W, with 15 min irradiation time. Cardiopulmonary functions and blood count were monitored before and after treatment. The patients were treated daily for 7 days. Statistical analysis was conducted using a two-tailed unpaired Student's t-test at a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Post-treatment, the LED group showed a reduction in hospital discharge time and a statistically significant improvement for the following cardiopulmonary functions: Partial Oxygen Saturation, Tidal Volume, Maximum Inspiratory, and Expiratory Pressures, Respiratory Frequency, Heart Rate, and Systolic Blood Pressure (p < 0.05). Regarding blood count, it was observed that post-treatment, the LED group presented with significant differences in the count of leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation therapy can be used as a complement to conventional treatment of COVID-19, promoting the improvement of cardiopulmonary functions, and minimization of respiratory symptoms.
Ethical Approval This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Anhembi Morumbi University (CAAE; 36,988,320.5.0000.5492) and registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC) under the code U1111-1261-1981 (16/11/2020).
Informed Consent Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Contribution to the Work by each Author Pâmela Camila Pereira (doctoral student): conception and design of the study, data acquisition, data analysis, drafting the manuscript. Carlos José de Lima: conception and design of the study. Adriana Barrinha Fernandes: design of the study, data analysis, interpretation of data. Renato Amaro Zângaro: revising the manuscript critically for important intellectual content. Antonio Balbin Villaverde (student's advisor): conception and design of the study, statistical analysis, drafting the manuscript, final approval of the version, corresponding author.
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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