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Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Mortality Among Patients With Prostate Cancer and COVID-19

Schmidt et al., JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34330
Nov 2021  
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Mortality 20% Improvement Relative Risk Severe case 2% Antiandrogens  Schmidt et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with antiandrogens beneficial for COVID-19? PSM retrospective 477 patients in the USA (March 2020 - February 2021) Lower mortality with antiandrogens (not stat. sig., p=0.41) c19early.org Schmidt et al., JAMA Network Open, Nov 2021 Favorsvarious Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
7th treatment shown to reduce risk in September 2020, now with p = 0.000000056 from 49 studies.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 1,106 prostate cancer patients, showing no significant differences in COVID-19 outcomes with ADT.
Study covers HCQ and remdesivir.
risk of death, 20.4% lower, RR 0.80, p = 0.41, treatment 25 of 169 (14.8%), control 44 of 308 (14.3%), adjusted per study, odds ratio converted to relative risk, propensity score matching, multivariable.
risk of severe case, 2.0% lower, OR 0.98, p = 0.94, treatment 169, control 308, adjusted per study, propensity score matching, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Schmidt et al., 12 Nov 2021, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, 42 authors, study period 17 March, 2020 - 11 February, 2021.
This PaperAntiandrogensAll
Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Mortality Among Patients With Prostate Cancer and COVID-19
MD Andrew L Schmidt, MD Matthew D Tucker, MD Ziad Bakouny, MD Chris Labaki, PhD; Chih-Yuan Hsu, PhD; Yu Shyr, MD Andrew J Armstrong, MD Tomasz M Beer, MD Ragneel R Bijjula, MD Mehmet A Bilen, MD Cindy F Connell, Scott Joseph Dawsey, MD Bryan Faller, MD Xin Gao, MD Benjamin A Gartrell, MD David Gill, MD Shuchi Gulati, PhD Susan Halabi, MD Clara Hwang, MD Monika Joshi, MD Ali Raza Khaki, MD Harry Menon, MD Michael J Morris, MD Matthew Puc, MD Karen B Russell, MD Dimpy P Shah, PhD Neil J Shah, MD Nima Sharifi, MD Justin Shaya, MD Michael T Schweizer, MD; John Steinharter, MD Elizabeth M Wulff-Burchfield, MD Wenxin Xu, MD Jay Zhu, PhD Sanjay Mishra, PhD Petros Grivas, PhD Brian I Rini, MD Jeremy Lyle Warner, MD Tian Zhang, MD Toni K Choueiri, MD Shilpa Gupta, MD Rana R Mckay, Aakash Desai, Aaron M Cohen, Adam J Olszewski, Aditya Bardia, Ahmad Daher, Alaina J Brown, Albert Yeh, Albert Hsiao, Alex Cheng, Alice Y Zhou, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia K Morgans, Alokkumar Jha, Alvaro G Menendez, Alyson Fazio, Amanda Nizam, Amelie G Ramirez, Amit A Kulkarni, Amit K Verma, Amro Elshoury, Andrea Verghese Rivera, Andrew Walden, Andrew J Piper-Vallillo, Andrew L Cook, Ang Li, Angela Shaw Cantrell, Angelo Cabal, Anju Nohria, Anne H Angevine, Anthony P Gulati, Antonio Giordano, Anup Kasi, Archana Ajmera, Arielle Elkrief, Ariffa Kariapper, Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla, Asha Jayaraj, Astha Thakkar, Atlantis D Russ, Babar Bashir, Balazs Halmos, Barbara B Logan, Barbara R Wood, Becky Slawik, Becky Dixon, Benjamin French, Bertrand Routy, Blanche H Mavromatis, Brandon Hayes-Lattin, Briana Barrow Mccollough, Bridget Fleissner, Brittany Stith, Camille P Wicher, Candice Schwartz, Carey C Thomson, Carmen C Solorzano, Carolina Granada, Carrieann Brown, Cassandra Hennessy, Catherine Stratton, Cecilia A Castellano, Celina Ang, Chaitanya Mandapakala, Chen-Pin Wang, Chinmay Jani, Chris Su, Christian F Misdary, Christina Chapman, Christopher Mcnair, Christopher A Lemmon, Christopher L Geiger, Christopher R Friese, Christopher T Su, Cindy Mckeown, Claire Hoppenot, Clarke A Low, Clement Pillainayagam, Cristiano Ferrario, Crosby D Rock, Cyndi Gonzalez Gomez, Cynthia Masson, Daniel Mundt, Daniel Addison, Daniel B Flora, Daniel G Stover, Daniel H Kwon, Daniel J Hausrath, Daniel W Bowles, Daniel Y Reuben, Danielle Shafer, Danielle S Bitterman, Darciann O' Sullivan, Daruka Mahadevan, Davendra P S Sohal, David Whaley, David A Slosky, David D Chism, Dawn L Hershman, Deborah B Doroshow, Deepak Ravindranathan, Dimitrios Farmakiotis, Divaya Bhutani, Donald C Vinh, Dory A Freeman, Douglas B Johnson, Edward Hatton, Eliezer M Van Allen, Elizabeth A Griffiths, Elizabeth J Davis, Elizabeth S Nakasone, Elizabeth T Loggers, Elizabeth V Robilotti, Ellis Levine, Elwyn C Cabebe, Emily Hsu, Emily Powell, Eneida R Nemecek, Eric Lau, Eric B Durbin, Eric H Bernicker, Eric J Small, Erin Cook, Erin A Gillaspie, Erin G Reid, Esperanza B Papadopoulos, Eyob Tadesse, Firas H Wehbe, Gary H Lyman, Gary K Schwartz, Gayathri Nagaraj, Genevieve Boland, George D Demetri, Gerald Batist, Gerald Gantt Jr., Goetz Kloecker, Grace Shaw, Gregory J Riely, Hala T Borno, Haneen Saker, Hannah Dzimitrowicz, Heather H Nelson, Hina Khan, Hira G Shaikh, Hyma V Polimera, James L Chen, Jamie Stratton, Jared D Acoba, Jaymin M Patel, Jean M Connors, Jeff Mather, Jeffrey P Henderson, Jennifer Dill, Jennifer Girard, MD Jeremy L Warner, Jerome J Graber, Jesse Papenburg, Jessica Altman, Jessica E Hawley, Jessica M Clement, Ji (janie) Park, Jian Li Campian, John Philip, John F Deeken, Jonathan Riess, Jonathan E Rosenberg, Jonathan M Loree, Jonathon (jack) W Senefeld, Jordan Kharofa, Jorge A Garcia, Joshua D Palmer, Judy T Lewis, Julie Guido, Julie C Fu, Julie Tsu-Yu Wu, Jun Yang Jiang, Justin F Gainor, Justin F Klamerus, K M Steve Lo, Kanishka G Patel, Karen De Cardenas, Karen Vega-Luna, Karen J Goldsmith, Karla Hansen, Kathryn E Huber, Keith E Stockerl-Goldstein, Kelly J Jeffords, Kent F Hoskins, Kerry L Reynolds, Kim Cerrone, Kimberly Cortez, Kyle T Enriquez, Lane R Rosen, Latoya N Lashley, Lauren D Pomerantz, Laurie J Smith, Lawrence E Feldman, Leslie A Fecher, Leyre Zubiri, Li C Liu, Lidia Schapira, Lisa Tachiki, Lisa B Weissmann, Lori J Rosenstein, Lucy L Wang, Maggie Tomasini, Maheen Abidi, Mahir Khan, Mansi R Shah
JAMA Network Open, doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34330
IMPORTANCE Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been theorized to decrease the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with prostate cancer owing to a potential decrease in the tissuebased expression of the SARS-CoV-2 coreceptor transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2). OBJECTIVE To examine whether ADT is associated with a decreased rate of 30-day mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with prostate cancer.
Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Bakouny reported grants from Genentech/imCORE; nonfinancial support from Bristol Myers Squibb; and personal fees from UpToDate outside the submitted work. Dr Shyr reported grants from the National Cancer Institute during the conduct of the study. Dr Armstrong reported grants from Bayer, Janssen, and Pfizer/Astellas; and personal fees from Bayer, Janssen, and Pfizer/Astellas outside the submitted work. Dr Beer reported grants paid to his institution from Alliance Foundation Trials, Astellas Pharma, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Corcept Therapeutics, Endocyte Inc, Freenome, Grail Inc, Harpoon Therapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Medivation Inc, Sotio, Theraclone Sciences/OncoResponse, and Zenith Epigenetics; personal fees from Arvinas, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squib, Clovis Oncology, Constellation, GlaxoSmithKline, Grail Inc, Janssen, Merck & Co, Myovant Sciences, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and Tolero; and stock ownership in Arvinas Inc and Salarius Pharmaceuticals outside the submitted work. Dr Bilen reported grants to his institution from AAA, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Genentech/Roche, Genome and Company, Incyte, Nektar, Peloton Therapeutics, Pfizer, SeaGen, Tricon Pharmaceuticals, and Xencor outside the submitted work; and personal fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Calithera Biosciences, Eisai, EMD Serono, Exelixis, Genomic Health, Janssen, Nektar, Pfizer, Sanofi,..
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'Shah', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San ' 'Antonio'}]}, { 'given': 'Neil J.', 'family': 'Shah', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York'}]}, { 'given': 'Nima', 'family': 'Sharifi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio'}]}, { 'given': 'Justin', 'family': 'Shaya', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego'}]}, { 'given': 'Michael T.', 'family': 'Schweizer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Fred ' 'Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle'}]}, { 'given': 'John', 'family': 'Steinharter', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer ' 'Institute, Boston, Massachusetts'}]}, { 'given': 'Elizabeth M.', 'family': 'Wulff-Burchfield', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'University of Kansas Medical Center, Westwood'}]}, { 'given': 'Wenxin', 'family': 'Xu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer ' 'Institute, Boston, Massachusetts'}]}, { 'given': 'Jay', 'family': 'Zhu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania'}]}, { 'given': 'Sanjay', 'family': 'Mishra', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee'}]}, { 'given': 'Petros', 'family': 'Grivas', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'University of Washington, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Fred ' 'Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle'}]}, { 'given': 'Brian I.', 'family': 'Rini', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee'}]}, { 'given': 'Jeremy Lyle', 'family': 'Warner', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee'}]}, { 'given': 'Tian', 'family': 'Zhang', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Duke Cancer Institute Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancer, ' 'Duke University, Durham, North Carolina'}]}, { 'given': 'Toni K.', 'family': 'Choueiri', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer ' 'Institute, Boston, Massachusetts'}]}, { 'given': 'Shilpa', 'family': 'Gupta', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, Ohio'}]}, { 'given': 'Rana R.', 'family': 'McKay', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego'}]}, { 'given': 'Aakash', 'family': 'Desai', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Aaron M.', 'family': 'Cohen', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Adam J.', 'family': 'Olszewski', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Aditya', 'family': 'Bardia', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Ahmad', 'family': 'Daher', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alaina J.', 'family': 'Brown', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Albert', 'family': 'Yeh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Albert', 'family': 'Hsiao', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alex', 'family': 'Cheng', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alice Y.', 'family': 'Zhou', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alicia', 'family': 'Beeghly-Fadiel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alicia K.', 'family': 'Morgans', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alokkumar', 'family': 'Jha', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alvaro G.', 'family': 'Menendez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Alyson', 'family': 'Fazio', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Amanda', 'family': 'Nizam', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Amelie G.', 'family': 'Ramirez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Amit A.', 'family': 'Kulkarni', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Amit K.', 'family': 'Verma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Amro', 'family': 'Elshoury', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Andrea Verghese', 'family': 'Rivera', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Andrew', 'family': 'Walden', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [{'name': 'for the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium'}]}, { 'given': 'Andrew J.', 'family': 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microenvironment and promotes ' 'prostate cancer metastasis.', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Lucas', 'year': '2014', 'journal-title': 'Cancer Discov'}, {'key': 'zoi210972r4', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'zoi210972r5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '558', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41391-020-00314-z', 'article-title': 'Early-onset metastatic and clinically advanced prostate cancer is a ' 'distinct clinical and molecular entity characterized by increased ' 'TMPRSS2–ERG fusions.', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Chalmers', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis'}, { 'issue': '17', 'key': 'zoi210972r6', 'first-page': '4180', 'article-title': 'Prostate-localized and androgen-regulated expression of the ' 'membrane-bound serine protease TMPRSS2.', 'volume': '59', 'author': 'Lin', 'year': '1999', 'journal-title': 'Cancer Res'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': 'zoi210972r7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1497', 'DOI': '10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-12-0042', 'article-title': 'The TMPRSS2:ERG rearrangement, ERG expression, and prostate cancer ' 'outcomes: a cohort study and meta-analysis.', 'volume': '21', 'author': 'Pettersson', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'zoi210972r8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '271', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a ' 'clinically proven protease inhibitor.', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'Hoffmann', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'zoi210972r9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '876', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.stem.2020.11.009', 'article-title': 'Androgen signaling regulates SARS-CoV-2 receptor levels and is ' 'associated with severe COVID-19 symptoms in men.', 'volume': '27', 'author': 'Samuel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cell Stem Cell'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'zoi210972r10', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1040', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.479', 'article-title': 'Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of ' 'infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N?=?4532).', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Montopoli', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Ann Oncol'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': 'zoi210972r11', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1419', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.023', 'article-title': 'Does androgen deprivation therapy protect against severe complications ' 'from COVID-19?', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Patel', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Ann Oncol'}, {'key': 'zoi210972r12', 'journal-title': 'J Urol'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'zoi210972r13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11398', 'article-title': 'Association of circulating sex hormones with inflammation and disease ' 'severity in patients with COVID-19.', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'Dhindsa', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Netw Open'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'zoi210972r14', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '787', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.annonc.2021.02.024', 'article-title': 'Association of clinical factors and recent anticancer therapy with ' 'COVID-19 severity among patients with cancer: a report from the ' 'COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium.', 'volume': '32', 'author': 'Grivas', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Ann Oncol'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'zoi210972r15', 'first-page': '783', 'article-title': 'Patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: a ' 'multicenter study during the COVID-19 outbreak.', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'Dai', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cancer Discov'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': 'zoi210972r16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '661', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.007', 'article-title': 'SARS-CoV-2 viral load predicts mortality in patients with and without ' 'cancer who are hospitalized with COVID-19.', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'Westblade', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cancer Cell'}, { 'issue': '10241', 'key': 'zoi210972r17', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1907', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31187-9', 'article-title': 'Clinical impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer (CCC19): a cohort ' 'study.', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Kuderer', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '10241', 'key': 'zoi210972r18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1919', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31173-9', 'article-title': 'COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other ' 'anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study.', 'volume': '395', 'author': 'Lee', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': 'zoi210972r19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.isci.2021.102254', 'article-title': 'Targeting androgen regulation of TMPRSS2 and ACE2 as a therapeutic ' 'strategy to combat COVID-19.', 'volume': '24', 'author': 'Deng', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'iScience'}, { 'key': 'zoi210972r20', 'article-title': 'Targeting transcriptional regulation of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 ' 'and TMPRSS2.', 'volume': '118', 'author': 'Qiao', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A'}, { 'issue': '2', 'key': 'zoi210972r21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '377', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010', 'article-title': 'Research electronic data capture (REDCap)—a metadata-driven methodology ' 'and workflow process for providing translational research informatics ' 'support.', 'volume': '42', 'author': 'Harris', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'J Biomed Inform'}, { 'key': 'zoi210972r22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.jbi.2019.103208', 'article-title': 'The REDCap Consortium: building an international community of software ' 'platform partners.', 'volume': '95', 'author': 'Harris', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'J Biomed Inform'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': 'zoi210972r23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '761', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.ccell.2020.10.022', 'article-title': 'A systematic framework to rapidly obtain data on patients with cancer ' 'and COVID-19: CCC19 governance, protocol, and quality assurance.', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'Abidi', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Cancer Cell'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': 'zoi210972r24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '573', 'DOI': '10.7326/0003-4819-147-8-200710160-00010', 'article-title': 'The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in ' 'Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational ' 'studies.', 'volume': '147', 'author': 'von Elm', 'year': '2007', 'journal-title': 'Ann Intern Med'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'zoi210972r26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '24', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41391-018-0079-0', 'article-title': 'Androgen-targeted therapy in men with prostate cancer: evolving ' 'practice and future considerations.', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Crawford', 'year': '2019', 'journal-title': 'Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'zoi210972r27', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '118', 'DOI': '10.1111/j.0006-341X.2000.00118.x', 'article-title': 'Substantial gains in bias reduction from matching with a variable ' 'number of controls.', 'volume': '56', 'author': 'Ming', 'year': '2000', 'journal-title': 'Biometrics'}, { 'issue': '5094', 'key': 'zoi210972r28', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1224', 'DOI': '10.1038/2141224a0', 'article-title': 'Influence of sex in immunoglobulin levels.', 'volume': '214', 'author': 'Butterworth', 'year': '1967', 'journal-title': 'Nature'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'zoi210972r29', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '866', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-021-21171-x', 'article-title': 'Distinct mechanisms for TMPRSS2 expression explain organ-specific ' 'inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by enzalutamide.', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Li', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Nat Commun'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': 'zoi210972r30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '11130', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-90491-1', 'article-title': 'Androgen regulation of pulmonary AR, TMPRSS2 and ACE2 with implications ' 'for sex-discordant COVID-19 outcomes.', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'Baratchian', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'key': 'zoi210972r31', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'S1201', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.2312', 'article-title': 'LBA71 systemic cancer treatment-related outcomes in patients with ' 'SARS-CoV-2 infection: a CCC19 registry analysis.', 'volume': '31', 'author': 'Wise-Draper', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Ann Oncol'}, { 'key': 'zoi210972r25', 'unstructured': 'The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) Registry. ClinicalTrials.gov ' 'identifier: NCT04354701. Updated September 9, 2021. Accessed September ' '27, 2021. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04354701'}], 'container-title': ['JAMA Network Open'], 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2786026/schmidt_2021_oi_210972_1640021628.64851.pdf', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2021, 12, 28]], 'date-time': '2021-12-28T16:15:45Z', 'timestamp': 1640708145000}, 'score': 1, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2021, 11, 12]]}, 'references-count': 31, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '11', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2021, 11, 1]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.34330', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2574-3805'], 'issn-type': [{'value': '2574-3805', 'type': 'electronic'}], 'subject': ['General Medicine'], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2021, 11, 12]]}}
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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