The SARS-CoV2 envelope differs from host cells, exposes procoagulant lipids, and is disrupted in vivo by oral rinses
Zack Saud, Victoria J Tyrrell, Andreas Zaragkoulias, Majd B Protty, Evelina Statkute, Anzelika Rubina, Kirsten Bentley, Daniel A White, Patricia Dos Santos Rodrigues, Robert C Murphy, Harald Köfeler, William J Griffiths, Jorge Alvarez-Jarreta, Richard William Brown, Robert G Newcombe, James Heyman, Manon Pritchard, Robert Wj. Mcleod, Arvind Arya, Ceri-Ann Lynch, David Owens, P Vince Jenkins, Niklaas J Buurma, Valerie B O’donnell, David W Thomas, Richard J Stanton
Journal of Lipid Research, doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100208
The lipid envelope of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an essential component of the virus; however, its molecular composition is undetermined. Addressing this knowledge gap could support the design of antiviral agents as well as further our understanding of viralhost protein interactions, infectivity, pathogenicity, and innate immune system clearance.
Supplemental data This article contains supplemental data.
Author contributions
Conflict of interest Venture Life Group plc and Johnson & Johnson provided information on mouthwash formulations employed in the in vitro study. Venture Life Group partfunded the clinical study but had no input in study design, data ysis, or drafting of the article. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article.
Abbreviations ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; aPL, aminophospholipid; CE, cholesteryl ester; Cer, ceramide; cmc, critical micelle concentration; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; CPC, cetylpyridinium chloride; CUR, curtain gas; DHCer, dihydroceramide; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; GS1, source gas 1; GS2, source gas 2; HILIC, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography; HSV, herpes simplex virus; IPM, isopropyl myristate; IS, ionization voltage; LAE, ethyl lauroyl arginate; LMSD, LIPID MAPS Structure Database; MRM, multiple reaction monitoring; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PFU, plaque-forming unit; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PL, phospholipid; PS, phosphatidylserine; PVP-I, povidoneiodine; SARS-CoV2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; SEC, size-exclusion chromatography; SL, sphingolipid; TAG, triacylglyceride; TEM, temperature; TG, triglyceride; TMPRSS2, transmembrane serine protease 2.
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