The pH Dependence of Niclosamide Solubility, Dissolution, and Morphology: Motivation for Potentially Universal Mucin-Penetrating Nasal and Throat Sprays for COVID19, its Variants and other Viral Infections
David Needham
Pharmaceutical Research, doi:10.1007/s11095-021-03112-x
63. However, the "Sigma-polymorph" equilibrated to much lower final supernatant concentrations, reflective of more stable polymorphs at each pH. Similarly, when precipitated from supersaturated solution, or as cosolvates, niclosamide also equilibrated to lower final supernatant concentrations. Polymorph equilibration though was avoided by using a solvent-exchange technique to make the solutions. Conclusions Given niclosamide's activity as a host cell modulator, optimized niclosamide solutions could represent universal prophylactic nasal and early treatment throat sprays against COVID19, its more contagious variants, and other respiratory viral infections. They are the simplest and potentially most effective formulations from both an efficacy standpoint as well as manufacturing and distribution, (no cold chain). They now just need testing.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s11095-021-03112-x.
Declarations Conflict of Interest Statement Duke University has assigned the rights for the provisional patent applications to David Needham and his entity, Needham Material Science LLC. Author contributions for all authors David Needham was the sole contributor and sole author.
Data Availability Statement The datasets generated during and/ or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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