Effect of a Single High-Dose Vitamin D3 on the Length of Hospital Stay of Severely 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Deficient Patients with COVID-19

Murai et al., Clinics, doi:10.6061/clinics/2021/e3549, NCT04449718, Dec 2021
Mortality 67% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk Ventilation 67% ICU admission 50% Hospitalization time 37% Hospitalization, ≥7 da.. 33% Discharge 12% Vitamin D  Murai et al.  PROPHYLAXIS RCT Is prophylaxis with vitamin D beneficial for COVID-19? Double-blind RCT 32 patients in Brazil Shorter hospitalization with vitamin D (not stat. sig., p=0.27) c19early.org Murai et al., Clinics, December 2021 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 126 studies, recognized in 18 countries.
Lower risk for mortality, ICU, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
6,200+ studies for 200+ treatments. c19early.org
Download Meta Analysis
Analysis of a subset of patients from Murai et al. with vitamin D < 10 ng/mL, showing improved results with vitamin D treatment, without statistical significance in the small sample.
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risk of death, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 16 (0.0%), control 1 of 16 (6.2%), NNT 16, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of mechanical ventilation, 66.7% lower, RR 0.33, p = 1.00, treatment 0 of 16 (0.0%), control 1 of 16 (6.2%), NNT 16, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of ICU admission, 50.0% lower, RR 0.50, p = 0.65, treatment 2 of 16 (12.5%), control 4 of 16 (25.0%), NNT 8.0.
hospitalization time, 36.8% lower, relative time 0.63, p = 0.27, treatment median 6.0 IQR 14.0 n=16, control median 9.5 IQR 9.2 n=16.
risk of hospitalization, 33.3% lower, RR 0.67, p = 0.27, treatment 8 of 16 (50.0%), control 12 of 16 (75.0%), NNT 4.0, hospitalization ≥7 days.
risk of no hospital discharge, 11.5% lower, HR 0.88, p = 0.76, treatment 16, control 16, inverted to make HR<1 favor treatment.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Murai et al., 31 Dec 2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, Brazil, peer-reviewed, 5 authors, trial NCT04449718 (history). Contact: rosamariarp@yahoo.com.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org November 2025 Brazil United Kingdom Russia Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Vietnam Peru Philippines China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR Brazil favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org November 2025 Brazil United Kingdom Russia USA Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Vietnam Peru Philippines China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Malawi Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Syria Brazil favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
Effect of a Single High-Dose Vitamin D3 on the Length of Hospital Stay of Severely 25-Hydroxyvitamin D-Deficient Patients with COVID-19
Igor H Murai, Alan L Fernandes, Leila Antonangelo, Bruno Gualano, Rosa Maria Rodrigues Pereira
Clinics, doi:10.6061/clinics/2021/e3549
Leila Antonangelo 0 0 0 0 -0
References
Amrein, Scherkl, Hoffmann, Neuwersch-Sommeregger, Köstenberger et al., Vitamin D deficiency 2.0: an update on the current status worldwide, Eur J Clin Nutr, doi:10.1038/s41430-020-0558-y
Bassatne, Basbous, Chakhtoura, El Zein, Rahme et al., The link between COVID-19 and VItamin D (VIVID): A systematic review and meta-analysis, Metabolism, doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154753
Bilezikian, Bikle, Hewison, Lazaretti-Castro, Formenti et al., MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Vitamin D and COVID-19, Eur J Endocrinol, doi:10.1530/EJE-20-0665
Carpagnano, Lecce, Quaranta, Zito, Buonamico et al., Vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19, J Endocrinol Invest, doi:10.1007/s40618-020-01370-x
Hernández, Nan, Fernandez-Ayala, García-Unzueta, Hernández-Hernández et al., Vitamin D Status in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa733
Jevalikar, Mithal, Singh, Sharma, Farooqui et al., Lack of association of baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels with disease severity and mortality in Indian patients hospitalized for COVID-19, Sci Rep, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85809-y
Martineau, Jolliffe, Hooper, Greenberg, Aloia et al., Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.i6583
Murai, Fernandes, Sales, Pinto, Goessler et al., Effect of a Single High Dose of Vitamin D3 on Hospital Length of Stay in Patients With Moderate to Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.26848
Reis, Fernandes, Sales, Santos, Santos et al., Influence of vitamin D status on hospital length of stay and prognosis in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: a multicenter prospective cohort study, Am J Clin Nutr, doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqab151
Stroehlein, Wallqvist, Iannizzi, Mikolajewska, Metzendorf et al., Vitamin D supplementation for the treatment of COVID-19: a living systematic review, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015043
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}
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