DOI record:
{
"DOI": "10.7717/peerj.11303",
"ISSN": [
"2167-8359"
],
"URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11303",
"abstract": "<jats:p>The world population is still facing the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Such a challenge requires complicated tools to control, namely vaccines, effective cures, and complementary agents. Here we present one candidate for the role of an effective cure and/or complementary agent: lactoferrin. It is the cross-talking mediator between many organs/cellular systems in the body. It serves as a physiological, immunological, and anti-microbial barrier, and acts as a regulator molecule. Furthermore, lactoferrin has receptors on most tissues cells, and is a rich source for bioactive peptides, particularly in the digestive system. In the past months, in vitro and in vivo evidence has accumulated regarding lactoferrin’s ability to control SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in different indicated scenarios. Also, lactoferrin or whey milk (of human or other mammal’s origin) is a cheap, easily available, and safe agent, the use of which can produce promising results. Pharmaceutical and/or food supplementary formulas of lactoferrin could be particularly effective in controlling the gastrointestinal COVID-19-associated symptoms and could limit the fecal-oral viral infection transmission, through mechanisms that mimic that of norovirus infection control by lactoferrin via induction of intestinal innate immunity. This natural avenue may be effective not only in symptomatic patients, but could also be more helpful in asymptomatic patients as a main or adjuvant treatment.</jats:p>",
"alternative-id": [
"10.7717/peerj.11303"
],
"archive": [
"CLOCKSS",
"LOCKSS",
"Portico"
],
"article-number": "e11303",
"author": [
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"
}
],
"family": "Mattar",
"given": "Ehab H.",
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"
}
],
"family": "Elrashdy",
"given": "Fatma",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"
}
],
"family": "Almehdar",
"given": "Hussein A.",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4037-5857",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, United States"
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": true,
"family": "Uversky",
"given": "Vladimir N.",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8246-0075",
"affiliation": [
{
"name": "Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"
}
],
"authenticated-orcid": true,
"family": "Redwan",
"given": "Elrashdy M.",
"sequence": "additional"
}
],
"container-title": [
"PeerJ"
],
"content-domain": {
"crossmark-restriction": false,
"domain": []
},
"created": {
"date-parts": [
[
2021,
4,
14
]
],
"date-time": "2021-04-14T07:31:23Z",
"timestamp": 1618385483000
},
"deposited": {
"date-parts": [
[
2021,
4,
14
]
],
"date-time": "2021-04-14T07:31:29Z",
"timestamp": 1618385489000
},
"funder": [
{
"award": [
"838"
],
"name": "The Deputyship for Research & Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia"
}
],
"indexed": {
"date-parts": [
[
2021,
12,
19
]
],
"date-time": "2021-12-19T09:45:11Z",
"timestamp": 1639907111786
},
"is-referenced-by-count": 0,
"issn-type": [
{
"type": "electronic",
"value": "2167-8359"
}
],
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2021,
4,
14
]
]
},
"language": "en",
"license": [
{
"URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"content-version": "unspecified",
"delay-in-days": 0,
"start": {
"date-parts": [
[
2021,
4,
14
]
],
"date-time": "2021-04-14T00:00:00Z",
"timestamp": 1618358400000
}
}
],
"link": [
{
"URL": "https://peerj.com/articles/11303.pdf",
"content-type": "application/pdf",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "text-mining"
},
{
"URL": "https://peerj.com/articles/11303.xml",
"content-type": "application/xml",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "text-mining"
},
{
"URL": "https://peerj.com/articles/11303.html",
"content-type": "text/html",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "text-mining"
},
{
"URL": "https://peerj.com/articles/11303.pdf",
"content-type": "unspecified",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"member": "4443",
"original-title": [],
"page": "e11303",
"prefix": "10.7717",
"published": {
"date-parts": [
[
2021,
4,
14
]
]
},
"published-online": {
"date-parts": [
[
2021,
4,
14
]
]
},
"publisher": "PeerJ",
"reference": [
{
"DOI": "10.1080/87559129.2012.692137",
"article-title": "Bioactive peptides of buffalo, camel, goat, sheep mare, and yak milks and milk products",
"author": "Abd El-Salam",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Food Reviews International",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-1",
"volume": "29",
"year": "2012"
},
{
"DOI": "10.2174/1389203715666140919124530",
"article-title": "Structural heterogeneity and multifunctionality of lactoferrin",
"author": "Albar",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "778",
"issue": "8",
"journal-title": "Current Protein & Peptide Science",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-2",
"volume": "15",
"year": "2014"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/molecules16086992",
"article-title": "Antiviral properties of lactoferrin—a natural immunity molecule",
"author": "Berlutti",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "6992",
"issue": "8",
"journal-title": "Molecules",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-3",
"volume": "16",
"year": "2011"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.ppat.1000621",
"article-title": "Virus movements on the plasma membrane support infection and transmission between cells",
"author": "Burckhardt",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "e1000621",
"issue": "11",
"journal-title": "PLoS Pathogens",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-4",
"volume": "5",
"year": "2009"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/ijms21144903",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin as protective natural barrier of respiratory and intestinal mucosa against coronavirus infection and inflammation",
"author": "Campione",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "4903",
"issue": "14",
"journal-title": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-5",
"volume": "21",
"year": "2020a"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.08.11.244996",
"article-title": "Pleiotropic effect of Lactoferrin in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection: randomized clinical trial, in vitro and in silico preliminary evidences",
"author": "Campione",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-6",
"year": "2020b"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106118",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin as potential preventative and adjunct treatment for COVID-19",
"author": "Chang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "106118",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-7",
"volume": "56",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.virol.2008.06.017",
"article-title": "Bovine lactoferrin inhibits Japanese encephalitis virus by binding to heparan sulfate and receptor for low density lipoprotein",
"author": "Chien",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "143",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Virology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-8",
"volume": "379",
"year": "2008"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.jmb.2016.06.021",
"article-title": "Polysaccharide degradation by the intestinal microbiota and its influence on human health and disease",
"author": "Cockburn",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "3230",
"issue": "16",
"journal-title": "Journal of Molecular Biology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-9",
"volume": "428",
"year": "2016"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.02.005",
"article-title": "Isolation of lactoferrin from milk of different species: calorimetric and antimicrobial studies",
"author": "Conesa",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "131",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-10",
"volume": "150",
"year": "2008"
},
{
"DOI": "10.23812/conti-e",
"article-title": "Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies",
"author": "Conti",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "327",
"journal-title": "Journal of Biological Regulators & Homeostatic Agents",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-11",
"volume": "34",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/v11070591",
"article-title": "Storage-dependent generation of potent Anti-ZIKV activity in human breast milk",
"author": "Conzelmann",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "591",
"issue": "7",
"journal-title": "Viruses",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-12",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/s13052-021-00990-0",
"article-title": "Could nutritional supplements act as therapeutic adjuvants in COVID-19?",
"author": "Costagliola",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "32",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Italian Journal of Pediatrics",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-13",
"volume": "47",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s10534-014-9742-7",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin prevents LPS-induced decrease of the iron exporter ferroportin in human monocytes/macrophages",
"author": "Cutone",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "807",
"issue": "5",
"journal-title": "Biometals",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-14",
"volume": "27",
"year": "2014"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.peptides.2015.11.003",
"article-title": "Human gut endogenous proteins as a potential source of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE-I)-, renin inhibitory and antioxidant peptides",
"author": "Dave",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "30",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Peptides",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-15",
"volume": "76",
"year": "2016"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.05.13.093781",
"article-title": "In Vitro Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Bovine Lactoferrin",
"author": "De Carvalho",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-16",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/ijms18030501",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin: balancing ups and downs of inflammation due to microbial infections",
"author": "Drago-Serrano",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "501",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "International Journal of Molecular Sciences",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-17",
"volume": "18",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0151509",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin is an allosteric enhancer of the proteolytic activity of Cathepsin G",
"author": "Eipper",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "e0151509",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "PLOS ONE",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-18",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2016"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.05.15.096719",
"article-title": "IgA MAb blocks SARS-CoV-2 Spike-ACE2 interaction providing mucosal immunity",
"author": "Ejemel",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-19",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/9780470999738.ch12",
"article-title": "Camel milk",
"author": "El-Agamy",
"doi-asserted-by": "crossref",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-20",
"volume-title": "Handbook of Milk of Non-Bovine Mammals",
"year": "2006"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/1743-422X-9-201",
"article-title": "Anti-infectivity of camel polyclonal antibodies against hepatitis C virus in Huh7.5 hepatoma",
"author": "El-Fakharany",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "201",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Virology Journal",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-21",
"volume": "9",
"year": "2012"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3892/etm.2017.4159",
"article-title": "Influence of camel milk on the hepatitis C virus burden of infected patients",
"author": "El-Fakharany",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1313",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-22",
"volume": "13",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/1743-422X-10-199",
"article-title": "Effectiveness of human, camel, bovine and sheep lactoferrin on the hepatitis C virus cellular infectivity: comparison study",
"author": "El-Fakharany",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "199",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Virology Journal",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-23",
"volume": "10",
"year": "2013"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/07391102.2020.1790426",
"article-title": "On the potential role of exosomes in the COVID-19 reinfection/reactivation opportunity",
"author": "Elrashdy",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1",
"issue": "5",
"journal-title": "Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-24",
"volume": "4",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104510",
"article-title": "Intrinsic disorder perspective of an interplay between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and SARS-CoV-2",
"author": "Elrashdy",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "104510",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "Infection Genetics and Evolution",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-25",
"volume": "85",
"year": "2020a"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/biom10091312",
"article-title": "Why COVID-19 transmission is more efficient and aggressive than viral transmission in previous coronavirus epidemics?",
"author": "Elrashdy",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1312",
"issue": "9",
"journal-title": "Biomolecules",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-26",
"volume": "10",
"year": "2020b"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.08.17.254979",
"article-title": "The effect of whey protein on viral infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2 and pangolin coronavirus in vitro",
"author": "Fan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-27",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fimmu.2020.00790",
"article-title": "Inhibitory effects of dietary n-glycans from bovine lactoferrin on toll-like receptor 8; comparing efficacy with chloroquine",
"author": "Figueroa-Lozano",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "790",
"journal-title": "Frontiers in Immunology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-28",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/mnfr.201700389",
"article-title": "Dietary n-glycans from bovine lactoferrin and TLR modulation",
"author": "Figueroa-Lozano",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1700389",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Molecular Nutrition & Food Research",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-29",
"volume": "62",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1128/JVI.79.5.3009-3015.2005",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin prevents dendritic cell-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blocking the DC-SIGN—gp120 interaction",
"author": "Groot",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "3009",
"issue": "5",
"journal-title": "Journal of Virology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-30",
"volume": "79",
"year": "2005"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1053/j.gastro.2020.02.054",
"article-title": "COVID-19: gastrointestinal manifestations and potential fecal-oral transmission",
"author": "Gu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1518",
"issue": "6",
"journal-title": "Gastroenterology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-31",
"volume": "158",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111228",
"article-title": "The role of iron in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and possible treatment with lactoferrin and other iron chelators",
"author": "Habib",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "111228",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-32",
"volume": "136",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.14309/ajg.0000000000000664",
"article-title": "Digestive symptoms in COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity: clinical presentation, stool viral RNA testing, and outcomes",
"author": "Han",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "916",
"issue": "6",
"journal-title": "American Journal of Gastroenterology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-33",
"volume": "115",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/s13568-019-0900-8",
"article-title": "Effect of bovine lactoferrin as a novel therapeutic agent in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury",
"author": "Han",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "177",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "AMB Express",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-34",
"volume": "9",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3945/an.115.010090",
"article-title": "Human milk components modulate toll-like receptor-mediated inflammation",
"author": "He",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "102",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Advances in Nutrition",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-35",
"volume": "7",
"year": "2016"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/nm.4467",
"article-title": "Transitory presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in neonates is critical for control of inflammation",
"author": "He",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "224",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Nature Medicine",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-36",
"volume": "24",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052",
"article-title": "SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor",
"author": "Hoffmann",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "271",
"journal-title": "Cell",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-37",
"volume": "181",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/22221751.2021.1888660",
"article-title": "The in vitro antiviral activity of lactoferrin against common human coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 is mediated by targeting the heparan sulfate co-receptor",
"author": "Hu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Emerging Microbes & Infections",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-38",
"volume": "10",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/milmed/usaa261",
"article-title": "Gut microbiota-targeted interventions for reducing the incidence, duration, and severity of respiratory tract infections in healthy non-elderly adults",
"author": "Karl",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "e310",
"issue": "3–4",
"journal-title": "Military Medicine",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-39",
"volume": "186",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.02.001",
"article-title": "Effects of enteric-coated lactoferrin supplementation on the immune function of elderly individuals: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial",
"author": "Kawakami",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "79",
"issue": "137",
"journal-title": "International Dairy Journal",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-40",
"volume": "47",
"year": "2015"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fimmu.2020.01221",
"article-title": "The biology of lactoferrin, an iron-binding protein that can help defend against viruses and bacteria",
"author": "Kell",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "204",
"journal-title": "Frontiers in Immunology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-41",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1006/jmbi.2001.4692",
"article-title": "Camel lactoferrin, a transferrin-cum-lactoferrin: crystal structure of camel apolactoferrin at 2.6 A resolution and structural basis of its dual role",
"author": "Khan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "751",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Journal of Molecular Biology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-42",
"volume": "309",
"year": "2001"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.hepres.2006.06.005",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin inhibits lipid peroxidation in patients with chronic hepatitis C",
"author": "Konishi",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "27",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Hepatology Research",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-43",
"volume": "36",
"year": "2006"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/jmv.25900",
"article-title": "High IL-6/IFN-γ ratio could be associated with severe disease in COVID-19 patients",
"author": "Lagunas-Rangel",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1789",
"issue": "10",
"journal-title": "Journal of Medical Virology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-44",
"volume": "92",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0023710",
"article-title": "Inhibition of SARS pseudovirus cell entry by lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans",
"author": "Lang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "e23710",
"issue": "8",
"journal-title": "PLOS ONE",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-45",
"volume": "6",
"year": "2011"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.02.071",
"article-title": "Overview of lactoferrin as a natural immune modulator",
"author": "Legrand",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "S10",
"journal-title": "Journal of Pediatrics",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-46",
"volume": "173",
"year": "2016"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_6",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin structure and functions",
"author": "Legrand",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "163",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Yeast Membrane Transport",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-47",
"volume": "606",
"year": "2008"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1099/jmm.0.033894-0",
"article-title": "Inhibitory effects of native and recombinant full-length camel lactoferrin and its N and C lobes on hepatitis C virus infection of Huh7.5 cells",
"author": "Liao",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "375",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Journal of Medical Microbiology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-48",
"volume": "61",
"year": "2012"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1177/0890334421991072",
"article-title": "A case study supporting lack of SARS-CoV-2 Spread to a 3-month old infant through exclusive breastfeeding",
"author": "Liu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "890334421991072",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Journal of Human Lactation",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-49",
"volume": "15",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1172/JCI128164",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cell therapy attenuates pathologic inflammatory conditions in newborn mice",
"author": "Liu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "4261",
"issue": "10",
"journal-title": "Journal of Clinical Investigation",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-50",
"volume": "129",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183158",
"article-title": "A biophysical perspective on receptor-mediated virus entry with a focus on HIV",
"author": "Llorente García",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "183158",
"issue": "6",
"journal-title": "Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-51",
"volume": "1862",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1097/MCO.0b013e328328d13e",
"article-title": "Nutritional roles of lactoferrin",
"author": "Lonnerdal",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "293",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-52",
"volume": "12",
"year": "2009"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1111/imm.13164",
"article-title": "Blocking inflammation to improve immunotherapy of advanced cancer",
"author": "Macciò",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "357",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "Immunology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-53",
"volume": "159",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173499",
"article-title": "Food proteins are a potential resource for mining cathepsin L inhibitory drugs to combat SARS-CoV-2",
"author": "Madadlou",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "173499",
"journal-title": "European Journal of Pharmacology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-54",
"volume": "885",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.03.24.006197",
"article-title": "In-Silico evidence for two receptors based strategy of SARS-CoV-2",
"author": "Milanetti",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-55",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fmolb.2021.607443",
"article-title": "Molecular mechanisms behind anti SARS-CoV-2 action of lactoferrin",
"author": "Miotto",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-56",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.05.27.117184",
"article-title": "Morphological cell profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infection identifies drug repurposing candidates for COVID-19",
"author": "Mirabelli",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-57",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fped.2020.613339",
"article-title": "Breastfeeding, human milk and COVID-19-what does the evidence say?",
"author": "Mitoulas",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "613339",
"journal-title": "Frontiers in Pediatrics",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-58",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1086/512199",
"article-title": "A novel single-nucleotide polymorphism in the lactoferrin gene is associated with susceptibility to diarrhea in North American travelers to Mexico",
"author": "Mohamed",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "945",
"issue": "7",
"journal-title": "Clinical Infectious Diseases",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-59",
"volume": "44",
"year": "2007"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1139/bcb-2020-0035",
"article-title": "Antiviral effects of bovine lactoferrin on human norovirus",
"author": "Oda",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "Biochemistry and Cell Biology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-60",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1139/bcb-2020-0079",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin receptors in Gram-negative bacteria: an evolutionary perspective",
"author": "Ostan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "102",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Biochemistry and Cell Biology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-61",
"volume": "99",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41467-020-15562-9",
"article-title": "Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV",
"author": "Ou",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1620",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Nature Communications",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-62",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1159/000499342",
"article-title": "Augmentation of urinary lactoferrin enhances host innate immune clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli",
"author": "Patras",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "481",
"issue": "6",
"journal-title": "Journal of Innate Immunity",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-63",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/S1357-2725(98)00066-1",
"article-title": "Antiviral effect of bovine lactoferrin saturated with metal ions on early steps of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection",
"author": "Puddu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1055",
"issue": "9",
"journal-title": "The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-64",
"volume": "30",
"year": "1998"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s13594-016-0283-4",
"article-title": "ACE- inhibitory and radical scavenging activities of bioactive peptides obtained from camel milk casein hydrolysis with proteinase K",
"author": "Rahimi",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "489",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "Dairy Science & Technology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-65",
"volume": "96",
"year": "2016"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/10408398.2015.1068736",
"article-title": "Production of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitory (ACE-I) peptides during milk fermentation and their role in reducing hypertension",
"author": "Rai",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2789",
"issue": "13",
"journal-title": "Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-66",
"volume": "57",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41467-018-07476-4",
"article-title": "Human milk oligosaccharides, milk microbiome and infant gut microbiome modulate neonatal rotavirus infection",
"author": "Ramani",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "5010",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Nature Communications",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-67",
"volume": "9",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/15321810701454839",
"article-title": "Camel lactoferrin markedly inhibits hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection of human peripheral blood leukocytes",
"author": "Redwan EL‐Rashdy",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "267",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Journal of Immunoassay and Immunochemistry",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-68",
"volume": "28",
"year": "2007"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/1472-6882-14-219",
"article-title": "Screening the anti infectivity potentials of native N- and C-lobes derived from the camel lactoferrin against hepatitis C virus",
"author": "Redwan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "219",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-69",
"volume": "14",
"year": "2014a"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.crvi.2014.08.003",
"article-title": "Potential lactoferrin activity against pathogenic viruses",
"author": "Redwan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "581",
"issue": "10",
"journal-title": "Comptes Rendus Biologies",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-70",
"volume": "337",
"year": "2014b"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/1471-2172-6-2",
"article-title": "Expression profile of immune response genes in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome",
"author": "Reghunathan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "BMC Immunology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-71",
"volume": "6",
"year": "2005"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.tifs.2020.09.027",
"article-title": "Understanding the role of milk in regulating human homeostasis in the context of the COVID-19 global pandemic",
"author": "Ren",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "157",
"journal-title": "Trends in Food Science & Technology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-72",
"volume": "107",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.5540",
"article-title": "Differential modulation of human lactoferrin activity against both R5 and X4-HIV-1 adsorption on epithelial cells and dendritic cells by natural antibodies",
"author": "Saidi",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "5540",
"issue": "8",
"journal-title": "Journal of Immunology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-73",
"volume": "177",
"year": "2006"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M604974200",
"article-title": "Interaction of human lactoferrin with cell adhesion molecules through RGD motif elucidated by lactoferrin-binding epitopes",
"author": "Sakamoto",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "24472",
"issue": "34",
"journal-title": "Journal of Biological Chemistry",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-74",
"volume": "281",
"year": "2006"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu13020328",
"article-title": "Protective effects of lactoferrin against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro",
"author": "Salaris",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "328",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-75",
"volume": "13",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.foodres.2004.10.011",
"article-title": "Cysteine protease inhibitors in various milk preparations and its importance as a food",
"author": "Sano",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "427",
"issue": "4",
"journal-title": "Food Research International",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-76",
"volume": "38",
"year": "2005"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/eji.200324218",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin and surfactant protein A exhibit distinct binding specificity to F protein and differently modulate respiratory syncytial virus infection",
"author": "Sano",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2894",
"issue": "10",
"journal-title": "European Journal of Immunology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-77",
"volume": "33",
"year": "2003"
},
{
"DOI": "10.5530/ijrhs.8.1.3",
"article-title": "Liposomal lacfoferrin as potential prevention and cure for COVID-19",
"author": "Serrano",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "8",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "International Journal of Research in Health Sciences",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-78",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.pupt.2017.10.001",
"article-title": "Inhaled nebulised unfractionated heparin improves lung function in moderate to very severe COPD: a pilot study",
"author": "Shute",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "88",
"issue": "371",
"journal-title": "Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-79",
"volume": "48",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s004300050049",
"article-title": "Antirotaviral activity of milk proteins: lactoferrin prevents rotavirus infection in the enterocyte-like cell line HT-29",
"author": "Superti",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "83",
"issue": "2–3",
"journal-title": "Medical Microbiology and Immunology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-80",
"volume": "186",
"year": "1997"
},
{
"DOI": "10.12938/bmfh.32.13",
"article-title": "Effects of Enteric-coated Lactoferrin Tablets Containing Lactobacillus brevis subsp. coagulans on Fecal Properties, Defecation Frequency and Intestinal Microbiota of Japanese Women with a Tendency for Constipation: a Randomized Placebo-controlled Crossover Study",
"author": "Suzuki",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "13",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-81",
"volume": "32",
"year": "2013"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/nsmb.2943",
"article-title": "Toll-like receptor 8 senses degradation products of single-stranded RNA",
"author": "Tanji",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "109",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Nature Structural & Molecular Biology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-82",
"volume": "22",
"year": "2015"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1111/jth.14879",
"article-title": "What do monitoring platelet counts in COVID-19 teach us?",
"author": "Thachil",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2071",
"issue": "8",
"journal-title": "Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-83",
"volume": "18",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.02.011",
"article-title": "Inhibitory activity of bovine lactoferrin against echovirus induced programmed cell death in vitro",
"author": "Tinari",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "433",
"issue": "5",
"journal-title": "International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-84",
"volume": "25",
"year": "2005"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fped.2018.00190",
"article-title": "Immunological effects of human milk oligosaccharides",
"author": "Triantis",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "190",
"journal-title": "Frontiers in Pediatrics",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-85",
"volume": "6",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.20944/preprints202008.0696.v1",
"article-title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection reaches the human nervous system: how?",
"author": "Uversky",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "Preprints",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-86",
"year": "2020a"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/07357907.2017.1373783",
"article-title": "Divergent anticancer activity of free and formulated camel milk α-lactalbumin",
"author": "Uversky",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "610",
"issue": "9",
"journal-title": "Cancer Investigation",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-87",
"volume": "35",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/07391102.2020.1821784",
"article-title": "Household pets and SARS-CoV2 transmissibility in the light of the ACE2 intrinsic disorder status",
"author": "Uversky",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-88",
"volume": "56",
"year": "2020b"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.11.005",
"article-title": "A shift towards an immature myeloid profile in peripheral blood of critically Ill COVID-19 patients",
"author": "Vadillo",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "Archives of Medical Research",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-89",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s00018-005-5372-0",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin: an important host defence against microbial and viral attack",
"author": "Valenti",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2576",
"issue": "22",
"journal-title": "Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-90",
"volume": "62",
"year": "2005"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1097/MCO.0000000000000642",
"article-title": "Bioactive peptides derived from human milk proteins: an update",
"author": "Wada",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "217",
"issue": "3",
"journal-title": "Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-91",
"volume": "23",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.jiac.2014.08.003",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin for prevention of common viral infections",
"author": "Wakabayashi",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "666",
"issue": "11",
"journal-title": "Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-92",
"volume": "20",
"year": "2014"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3892/etm.2020.9402",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin for the treatment of COVID-19 (Review)",
"author": "Wang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "272",
"issue": "6",
"journal-title": "Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-93",
"volume": "20",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.07.02.183764.",
"article-title": "Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection",
"author": "Wettstein",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "bioRxiv",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-94",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1186/s12931-020-01445-6",
"article-title": "SARS-CoV-2 induces transcriptional signatures in human lung epithelial cells that promote lung fibrosis",
"author": "Xu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "182",
"issue": "1",
"journal-title": "Respiratory Research",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-95",
"volume": "21",
"year": "2020a"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1021/acs.jafc.9b08094",
"article-title": "Novel anticoagulant peptide from lactoferrin binding thrombin at the active site and exosite-I",
"author": "Xu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "3132",
"issue": "10",
"journal-title": "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-96",
"volume": "68",
"year": "2020b"
},
{
"DOI": "10.20960/nh.1163",
"article-title": "Antihypertensive effect of fermented skim camel (Camelus dromedarius) milk on spontaneously hypertensive rats",
"author": "Yahya",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "416",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Nutricion Hospitalaria",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-97",
"volume": "34",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3168/jds.2019-17002",
"article-title": "Modulation activity of heat-treated and untreated lactoferrin on the TLR-4 pathway in anoxia cell model and cerebral ischemia reperfusion mouse model",
"author": "Yang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1151",
"issue": "2",
"journal-title": "Journal of Dairy Science",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-98",
"volume": "103",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1128/JVI.71.8.5997-6002.1997",
"article-title": "Hepatitis C virus envelope proteins bind lactoferrin",
"author": "Yi",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "5997",
"issue": "8",
"journal-title": "Journal of Virology",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-99",
"volume": "71",
"year": "1997"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1074/jbc.RA118.003145",
"article-title": "Lactoferrin is a natural inhibitor of plasminogen activation",
"author": "Zwirzitz",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "8600",
"issue": "22",
"journal-title": "Journal of Biological Chemistry",
"key": "10.7717/peerj.11303/ref-100",
"volume": "293",
"year": "2018"
}
],
"reference-count": 100,
"references-count": 100,
"relation": {
"has-review": [
{
"asserted-by": "object",
"id": "10.7287/peerj.11303v0.1/reviews/2",
"id-type": "doi"
},
{
"asserted-by": "object",
"id": "10.7287/peerj.11303v0.1/reviews/1",
"id-type": "doi"
}
]
},
"score": 1,
"short-container-title": [],
"short-title": [],
"source": "Crossref",
"subject": [
"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences",
"General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology",
"General Medicine",
"General Neuroscience"
],
"subtitle": [],
"title": [
"Natural resources to control COVID-19: could lactoferrin amend SARS-CoV-2 infectivity?"
],
"type": "journal-article",
"volume": "9"
}
