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Associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19: a global scoping review

Limaheluw et al., Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1183706
Jul 2024  
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Sunlight for COVID-19
32nd treatment shown to reduce risk in December 2021
 
*, now with p = 0.000052 from 5 studies.
Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, recovery, and cases.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 95 treatments. c19early.org
Review of associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19. For sunlight/solar radiation authors found consistent evidence from experimental studies that higher solar radiation negatively affects SARS-CoV-2 viability. Several studies demonstrated increased inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 due to simulated sunlight, both in aerosols and on surfaces. For example, Schuit et al. showed that airborne SARS-CoV-2 is rapidly inactivated by simulated sunlight and Sloan et al. found that simulated sunlight decreases the viability of SARS-CoV-2 in mucus. Observational studies on COVID-19 epidemiology were less consistent. When examining associations by WHO regions, solar radiation was more often negatively associated with COVID-19 for all regions except the Western Pacific. The review highlights that, while experimental studies show clear effects of solar radiation on virus inactivation, the relationship between solar radiation and COVID-19 epidemiology is complex and likely influenced by interactions with other meteorological and non-meteorological factors.
Reviews covering sunlight for COVID-19 include1-5.
Limaheluw et al., 18 Jul 2024, peer-reviewed, 7 authors. Contact: jesse.limaheluw@rivm.nl.
This PaperSunlightAll
Associations between meteorological factors and COVID-19: a global scoping review
Jesse Limaheluw, Sophia Dollmann, Sofia Folpmers, Lola Beltrán Beut, Afroditi Lazarakou, Lucie C Vermeulen, Ana Maria De Roda Husman
Frontiers in Public Health, doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1183706
Background: Many respiratory viruses and their associated diseases are sensitive to meteorological factors. For SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, evidence on this sensitivity is inconsistent. Understanding the influence of meteorological factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and COVID-19 epidemiology can help to improve pandemic preparedness. Objectives: This review aimed to examine the recent evidence about the relation between meteorological factors and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Methods: We conducted a global scoping review of peer-reviewed studies published from January 2020 up to January 2023 about the associations between temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Results: From 9,156 initial records, we included 474 relevant studies. Experimental studies on SARS-CoV-2 provided consistent evidence that higher temperatures and solar radiation negatively affect virus viability. Studies on COVID-19 (epidemiology) were mostly observational and provided less consistent evidence. Several studies considered interactions between meteorological factors or other variables such as demographics or air pollution. None of the publications included all determinants holistically. Discussion: The association between short-term meteorological factors and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 dynamics is complex. Interactions between environmental and social components need further consideration. A more integrated research approach can provide valuable insights to predict the dynamics of respiratory viruses with pandemic potential.
Author contributions JL and AR conceptualized the study and acquired the research funding. JL was responsible for project management. JL, SF, and LB Conflict of interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Publisher's note All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher. Supplementary material The Supplementary material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1183706/ full#supplementary-material
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