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Natural and socio-environmental factors in the transmission of COVID-19: a comprehensive analysis of epidemiology and mechanisms

Gong et al., BMC Public Health, doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19749-3
Aug 2024  
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Sunlight for COVID-19
32nd treatment shown to reduce risk in December 2021, now with p = 0.000052 from 5 studies.
Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, recovery, and cases.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,300+ studies for 116 treatments. c19early.org
Review of natural and socio-environmental factors impacting the transmission of COVID-19. Authors summarized epidemiological and mechanistic evidence showing that high temperature, high humidity, low air pollution levels, and low population density are more likely to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, particularly as the virus mutates. Measures proposed to help control COVID-19 spread and mortality include sun exposure, reducing air pollution, ventilation, maintaining optimal indoor temperature and humidity, and controlling population density and movement.
Reviews covering sunlight for COVID-19 include1-5.
Gong et al., 13 Aug 2024, peer-reviewed, 10 authors. Contact: wangyanping4816@163.com, lynch1123@126.com, 13811839164@vip.126.com.
This PaperSunlightAll
Natural and socio-environmental factors in the transmission of COVID-19: a comprehensive analysis of epidemiology and mechanisms
Zhaoyuan Gong, Tian Song, Mingzhi Hu, Qianzi Che, Jing Guo, Haili Zhang, Huizhen Li, Yanping Wang, Bin Liu, Nannan Shi
BMC Public Health, doi:10.1186/s12889-024-19749-3
Purpose of review There are significant differences in the transmission rate and mortality rate of COVID-19 under environmental conditions such as seasons and climates. However, the impact of environmental factors on the role of the COVID-19 pandemic and the transmission mechanism of the SARS-CoV-2 is unclear. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the impact of environmental factors on COVID-19 can provide innovative insights for global epidemic prevention and control policies and COVID-19 related research. This review summarizes the evidence of the impact of different natural and social environmental factors on the transmission of COVID-19 through a comprehensive analysis of epidemiology and mechanism research. This will provide innovative inspiration for global epidemic prevention and control policies and provide reference for similar infectious diseases that may emerge in the future. Recent findings Evidence reveals mechanisms by which natural environmental factors influence the transmission of COVID-19, including (i) virus survival and transport, (ii) immune system damage, (iii) inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death, and (iiii) increasing risk of complications. All of these measures appear to be effective in controlling the spread or mortality of COVID-19: (1) reducing air pollution levels, (2) rational use of ozone disinfection and medical ozone therapy, (3) rational exposure to sunlight, (4) scientific ventilation and maintenance of indoor temperature and humidity, (5) control of population density, and (6) control of population movement. Our review indicates that with the continuous mutation of SARS-CoV-2, high temperature, high humidity, low air pollution levels, and low population density more likely to slow down the spread of the virus.
Authors' contributions Conceptualization: Yanping Wang, Bin Liu, and Nannan Shi; original draft preparation, Zhaoyuan Gong, Tian Song, and Mingzhi Hu; writing-review & editing, Qianzi Che, Jing Guo; and project administration, Haili Zhang and Huizhen Li. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Availability of data and materials Not applicable. Data availability No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Publisher's Note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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