Relationship of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies with Vitamin D and inflammatory markers in COVID-19 patients

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1038/s41598-022-09785-7", "ISSN": [ "2045-2322" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09785-7", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have found an association of COVID-19 disease severity with Vitamin D deficiency and higher levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs. The aim of this study was to determine whether levels of Vitamin D and “inflammatory state” influence the magnitude of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgGs levels in COVID-19 patients. For this purpose, in 67 patients levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were measured in week 4 whereas in 52 patients levels of Vitamin D were measured in week 1 after symptom onset. We found that low Vitamin D levels were significantly associated with age and disease severity whereas there was a trend without significance, towards negative correlation of Vitamin D with anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were significantly higher in older ages, patients with severe disease, diabetes and those who received corticosteroid and antibiotic therapy. There was a positive correlation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG with IL-6, CRP, LDH, ESR and with percentages of granulocytes. In conclusion, Vitamin D and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG share common parameters associated with inflammatory state. However, even though Vitamin D protects against severe forms of COVID-19 it could not directly affect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG production.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "9785" ], "article-number": "5699", "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "29 November 2021" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "28 March 2022" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "5 April 2022" }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1, "value": "The authors declare no competing interests." } ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [], "family": "Latifi-Pupovci", "given": "Hatixhe", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Namani", "given": "Sadie", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Pajaziti", "given": "Artina", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ahmetaj-Shala", "given": "Blerina", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Ajazaj", "given": "Lindita", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Kotori", "given": "Afrim", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Haxhibeqiri", "given": "Valdete", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Gegaj", "given": "Valentin", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Bunjaku", "given": "Gramoz", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": [ "Scientific Reports" ], "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ], "date-time": "2022-04-05T17:03:16Z", "timestamp": 1649178196000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ], "date-time": "2022-04-05T17:16:52Z", "timestamp": 1649179012000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ], "date-time": "2022-04-05T17:45:17Z", "timestamp": 1649180717741 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issn-type": [ { "type": "electronic", "value": "2045-2322" } ], "issue": "1", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "1", "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 12 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ], "date-time": "2022-04-05T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1649116800000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ], "date-time": "2022-04-05T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1649116800000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-09785-7.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-09785-7", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" }, { "URL": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-09785-7.pdf", "content-type": "application/pdf", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1038", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 4, 5 ] ] }, "published-print": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 12 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1111/bjh.16938", "author": "TM Thomson", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "520", "issue": "4", "journal-title": "Br. 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