Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-04-27T04:56:00Z', 'timestamp': 1682571360928}, 'reference-count': 35, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 26]], 'date-time': '2023-04-26T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1682467200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 26]], 'date-time': '2023-04-26T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1682467200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100012681', 'name': 'Universitätsklinikum Köln', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>With the changing epidemiology of COVID-19 and its ' 'impact on our daily lives, there is still an unmet need of COVID-19 therapies treating early ' 'infections to prevent progression. The current study was a randomized, parallel, ' 'double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ninety SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were randomized ' 'into 3 groups receiving placebo, 0.02% or 0.1% azelastine nasal spray for 11\xa0days, during ' 'which viral loads were assessed by quantitative PCR. Investigators assessed patients’ status ' 'throughout the trial including safety follow-ups (days 16 and 60). Symptoms were documented ' 'in patient diaries. Initial viral loads were log<jats:sub>10</jats:sub> 6.85\u2009±\u20091.31 ' '(mean\u2009±\u2009SD) copies/mL (ORF 1a/b gene). After treatment, virus load was reduced in ' 'all groups (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) but was greater in the 0.1% ' 'group compared to placebo (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.007). In a subset of ' 'patients (initial Ct\u2009&lt;\u200925) viral load was strongly reduced on day 4 in the 0.1% ' 'group compared to placebo (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.005). Negative PCR ' 'results appeared earlier and more frequently in the azelastine treated groups: being 18.52% ' 'and 21.43% in the 0.1% and 0.02% groups, respectively, compared to 0% for placebo on day 8. ' 'Comparable numbers of adverse events occurred in all treatment groups with no safety ' 'concerns. The shown effects of azelastine nasal spray may thus be suggestive of azelastine’s ' 'potential as an antiviral treatment.</jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial ' 'registration:</jats:bold> The study was registered in the German Clinical Trial Register ' '(DRKS-ID: DRKS00024520; Date of Registration in DRKS: 12/02/2021). EudraCT number: ' '2020-005544-34.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-023-32546-z', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 26]], 'date-time': '2023-04-26T13:03:21Z', 'timestamp': 1682514201000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Early intervention with azelastine nasal spray may reduce viral load in SARS-CoV-2 infected ' 'patients', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '13', 'author': [ {'given': 'Jens Peter', 'family': 'Klussmann', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Maria', 'family': 'Grosheva', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Peter', 'family': 'Meiser', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Clara', 'family': 'Lehmann', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Eszter', 'family': 'Nagy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Valéria', 'family': 'Szijártó', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Gábor', 'family': 'Nagy', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Robert', 'family': 'Konrat', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Michael', 'family': 'Flegel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Frank', 'family': 'Holzer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Dorothea', 'family': 'Groß', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Charlotte', 'family': 'Steinmetz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Barbara', 'family': 'Scherer', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Henning', 'family': 'Gruell', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Maike', 'family': 'Schlotz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Florian', 'family': 'Klein', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Paula Aguiar', 'family': 'de Aragão', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Henning', 'family': 'Morr', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Helal', 'family': 'Al Saleh', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Andreas', 'family': 'Bilstein', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Belisa', 'family': 'Russo', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Susanne', 'family': 'Müller-Scholtz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Cengizhan', 'family': 'Acikel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hacer', 'family': 'Sahin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Nina', 'family': 'Werkhäuser', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Silke', 'family': 'Allekotte', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Ralph', 'family': 'Mösges', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 26]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '32546_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'author': 'B Killingley', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Killingley, B. et al. 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' 'https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14102059 (2022).', 'journal-title': 'Pharmaceutics'}], 'container-title': 'Scientific Reports', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-32546-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-32546-z', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-32546-z.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 26]], 'date-time': '2023-04-26T13:10:34Z', 'timestamp': 1682514634000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-32546-z'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 26]]}, 'references-count': 35, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['32546'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32546-z', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2045-2322'], 'subject': ['Multidisciplinary'], 'container-title-short': 'Sci Rep', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 4, 26]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '25 July 2022', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '29 March 2023', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '26 April 2023', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': 'JPK and CL have received grants from the sponsor URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH ' 'for performing this trial. EN, VS and GN are shareholders in CEBINA GmbH, RK ' 'and EN are inventors on related patent applications. PM, MF, DG, CS and BS are ' 'employed at URSAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH. FH is the CEO of URSAPHARM ' 'Arzneimittel GmbH. BR, SMS, HS, CA, NW, SA, and RM are employees of ' 'ClinCompetence Cologne, the CRO which organized this trial. HG, MS, and FK ' 'declare no conflict of interest. MG, PA, HM and HAS declare no conflict of ' 'interest. AB is employed at Ursatec GmbH, supplier of primary packing materials ' 'to Ursapharm.', 'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '6839'}