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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Hospitalization 72% Improvement Relative Risk Hospitalization (b) 58% c19early.org/d Jude et al. Vitamin D for COVID-19 Sufficiency Are vitamin D levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective study in the United Kingdom Lower hospitalization with higher vitamin D levels (p<0.000001) Jude et al., J. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabol.., doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab439 Favors vitamin D Favors control
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher hospitalisation risk from COVID-19: a retrospective case-control study
Jude et al., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab439
Jude et al., Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher hospitalisation risk from COVID-19: a retrospective.., Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab439
Jun 2021   Source   PDF  
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Retrospective 80,670 people in the UK with vitamin D levels measured within the last 12 months, showing higher risk of hospitalization with low vitamin D levels.
risk of hospitalization, 71.6% lower, RR 0.28, p < 0.001, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor high D levels, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >25 nmol/L, control prevalence approximated with overall prevalence.
risk of hospitalization, 57.9% lower, RR 0.42, p < 0.001, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor high D levels, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >50 nmol/L, control prevalence approximated with overall prevalence.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Jude et al., 17 Jun 2021, retrospective, United Kingdom, peer-reviewed, 5 authors.
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Abstract: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2021, Vol. 106, No. 11, e4708–e4715 doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab439 Clinical Research Article Clinical Research Article Edward B. Jude,1,2,3 Stephanie F. Ling,1,2 Rebecca Allcock,4 Beverly X. Y. Yeap,2 and Joseph M. Pappachan2,3,4 1 Tameside and Glossop Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Fountain Street, Ashton-under-Lyne, OL6 9RW, UK; 2The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; 3Manchester Metropolitan University, All Saints Building, Manchester, M15 6BH, UK; and 4Royal Preston Hospital, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sharoe Green Lane, Fulwood, Preston, PR2 9HT, UK ORCiD numbers: 0000-0002-3186-4122 (E. B. Jude); 0000-0003-0886-5255 (J. M. Pappachan). Abbreviations: 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; IQR, interquartile range; NICE, National Institute for Health and Clinical Care Excellence; OR, odds ratio; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Received: 2 April 2021; Editorial Decision: 11 June 2021; First Published Online: 17 June 2021; Corrected and Typeset: 15 July 2021. Abstract Context: One risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) infection is postulated to be vitamin D deficiency. To better understand the role of vitamin D deficiency in the disease course of COVID-19, we undertook a retrospective case-control study in North West England. Objective: To examine whether hospitalization with COVID-19 is more prevalent in individuals with lower vitamin D levels. Methods: The study included individuals with test results for serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) between April 1, 2020, and January 29, 2021, from 2 districts in North West England. The last 25(OH)D level in the previous 12 months was categorized as “deficient” if less than 25 nmol/L and “insufficient” if 25 to 50 nmol/L. Results: The study included 80 670 participants. Of these, 1808 were admitted to the hospital with COVID-19, of whom 670 died. In a primary cohort, median serum 25(OH)D in nonhospitalized participants with COVID-19 was 50.0 nmol/L (interquartile range [IQR], 34.0-66.7) vs 35.0 nmol/L (IQR, 21.0-57.0) in those admitted with COVID-19 (P < 0.005). In a validation cohort, median serum 25(OH)D was 47.1 nmol/L (IQR, 31.8-64.7) in nonhospitalized vs 33.0 nmol/L (IQR, 19.4-54.1) in hospitalized patients. Age-, sex-, and season-adjusted odds ratios for hospital admission were 2.3 to 2.4 times higher among participants with serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L compared with those with normal serum 25(OH)D levels, without excess mortality risk. ISSN Print 0021-972X e4708   https://academic.oup.com/jcem ISSN Online 1945-7197 Printed in USA © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Higher Hospitalization Risk From COVID-19: A Retrospective Case-Control Study The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2021, Vol. 106, No. 11 e4709 Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher risk of COVID-19 hospitalization. Widespread measurement of serum 25(OH)D and treatment of insufficiency or deficiency may reduce this risk. Key Words: vitamin D deficiency, COVID-19, hospitalization, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus..
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