Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1

Gönen et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13114047, Nov 2021

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https://c19early.org/gonen.html

Vitamin D for COVID-19

8th treatment shown to reduce risk in October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 125 studies, recognized in 18 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, ICU, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

5,700+ studies for 169 treatments. c19early.org

Retrospective 867 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Turkey, showing worse outcomes with vitamin D deficiency (without statistical significance); followed by a prospective study of 210 patients with vitamin D supplementation for those that were deficient, showing significantly lower mortality compared to the retrospective study without treatment.

This is the 104th of 219 COVID-19 sufficiency studies for vitamin D, which collectively show higher levels reduce risk with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 221,958,417,113 vigintillion).

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

risk of death, 65.8% lower, RR 0.34, p = 0.62, high D levels (≥12ng/mL) 1 of 80 (1.2%), low D levels (<12ng/mL) 3 of 82 (3.7%), NNT 42, retrospective study.

risk of ICU admission, 16.9% lower, RR 0.83, p = 1.00, high D levels (≥12ng/mL) 4 of 77 (5.2%), low D levels (<12ng/mL) 5 of 80 (6.2%), NNT 95, retrospective study.

hospital stay >8 days, 21.1% lower, RR 0.79, p = 0.11, high D levels (≥12ng/mL) 40 of 78 (51.3%), low D levels (<12ng/mL) 52 of 80 (65.0%), NNT 7.3, retrospective study.

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates

Gönen et al., 12 Nov 2021, retrospective, Turkey, peer-reviewed, 20 authors, dosage varies. Contact: karraspiros@yahoo.gr, duygugezenak@iuc.edu.tr, duygugezenak@gmail.com, erdinc.dursun@iuc.edu.tr, erdincdu@gmail.com.

This Paper Vitamin D All

Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1

Mustafa Sait Gönen, Merve Alaylıoğlu, Emre Durcan, Yusuf Özdemir, Serdar Şahin, Dildar Konukoğlu, Okan Kadir Nohut, Seval Ürkmez, Berna Küçükece, İlker İnanç Balkan, H Volkan Kara, Şermin Börekçi, Hande Özkaya, Zekayi Kutlubay, Yalım Dikmen, Yılmaz Keskindemirci, Spyridon N Karras, Cedric Annweiler, Duygu Gezen-Ak, Erdinç Dursun

Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13114047

Background: We aimed to establish an acute treatment protocol to increase serum vitamin D, evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, and reveal the potential mechanisms in COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 867 COVID-19 cases. Then, a prospective study was conducted, including 23 healthy individuals and 210 cases. A total of 163 cases had vitamin D supplementation, and 95 were followed for 14 days. Clinical outcomes, routine blood biomarkers, serum levels of vitamin D metabolism, and action mechanism-related parameters were evaluated. Results: Our treatment protocol increased the serum 25OHD levels significantly to above

Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by, and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY-CERRAHPASA, and the REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF HEALTH (Approval Number: Mustafa Sait Gönen-2020-05-06T19_51_05). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study. Conflicts of Interest: All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3390/nu13114047", "ISSN": [ "2072-6643" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114047", "abstract": "Background: We aimed to establish an acute treatment protocol to increase serum vitamin D, evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, and reveal the potential mechanisms in COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 867 COVID-19 cases. Then, a prospective study was conducted, including 23 healthy individuals and 210 cases. A total of 163 cases had vitamin D supplementation, and 95 were followed for 14 days. Clinical outcomes, routine blood biomarkers, serum levels of vitamin D metabolism, and action mechanism-related parameters were evaluated. Results: Our treatment protocol increased the serum 25OHD levels significantly to above 30 ng/mL within two weeks. COVID-19 cases (no comorbidities, no vitamin D treatment, 25OHD <30 ng/mL) had 1.9-fold increased risk of having hospitalization longer than 8 days compared with the cases with comorbidities and vitamin D treatment. Having vitamin D treatment decreased the mortality rate by 2.14 times. The correlation analysis of specific serum biomarkers with 25OHD indicated that the vitamin D action in COVID-19 might involve regulation of INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1. Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment shortened hospital stay and decreased mortality in COVID-19 cases, even in the existence of comorbidities. 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