Analgesics
Antiandrogens
Antihistamines
Azvudine
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Ivermectin
Lifestyle
Melatonin
Metformin
Minerals
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals
Naso/orophar..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
PPIs
Paxlovid
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Thermotherapy
Vitamins
More

Other
Feedback
Home
Top
Results
Abstract
All fluvoxamine studies
Meta analysis
 
Feedback
Home
next
study
previous
study
c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchFluvoxamineFluvoxamine (more..)
Melatonin Meta
Metformin Meta
Antihistamines Meta
Azvudine Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Bromhexine Meta
Budesonide Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta PPIs Meta
Famotidine Meta Paxlovid Meta
Favipiravir Meta Quercetin Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Remdesivir Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Thermotherapy Meta
Ivermectin Meta

All Studies   Meta Analysis    Recent:   

Antidepressant drug prescription and incidence of COVID-19 in mental health outpatients: a retrospective cohort study

Glebov et al., BMC Medicine, doi:10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9 (date from preprint)
Dec 2022  
  Post
  Facebook
Share
  Source   PDF   All Studies   Meta AnalysisMeta
Case, SSRI 43% Improvement Relative Risk Case, All 39% Fluvoxamine for COVID-19  Glebov et al.  Prophylaxis c19early.org Favorsfluvoxamine Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
27th treatment shown to reduce risk in November 2021
 
*, now with p = 0.00014 from 21 studies, recognized in 3 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. * >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.
4,800+ studies for 98 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 5,664 mental health patients in the UK, showing lower risk of COVID-19 cases with recent antidepressant prescriptions overall, and for the subset of patients receiving SSRIs.
risk of case, 43.0% lower, OR 0.57, p = 0.04, adjusted per study, 90 days, SSRI, RR approximated with OR.
risk of case, 39.0% lower, OR 0.61, p = 0.03, adjusted per study, 90 days, all antidepressants, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Glebov et al., 20 Dec 2022, retrospective, United Kingdom, peer-reviewed, 5 authors, study period 1 April, 2020 - 31 December, 2020. Contact: oleg.glebov@kcl.ac.uk.
This PaperFluvoxamineAll
Antidepressant drug prescription and incidence of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study
Oleg O Glebov, Ph.D Christoph Mueller, Robert Stewart, Dag Aarsland, Gayan Perera
doi:10.1101/2022.12.15.22283507
Question Is there an association between prescription of antidepressants and incidence of COVID-19 in the general population? Findings In this retrospective cohort study of mental health outpatients with a recent (1-3 months) antidepressant prescription, there was a statistically significant 40% decrease in positive COVID-19 tests. This association was specifically observed for the most commonly prescribed antidepressant class, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, and remained when adjusted for socioeconomic parameters and physical health. Meaning Antidepressant prescription was associated with lower incidence of COVID-19 in the community, warranting further investigation as prophylactics in prospective clinical studies. .
Authors' Contributions
References
Boulware, Pullen, Bangdiwala, A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure Prophylaxis for Covid-19, N Engl J Med, doi:10.1056/nejmoa2016638
Burns, Beevor, Lelliott, Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for elderly people (HoNOS 65+), Br J Psychiatry J Ment Sci, doi:10.1192/bjp.174.5.424
Glebov, Low-Dose Fluvoxamine Modulates Endocytic Trafficking of SARS-CoV-2
Glebov, Understanding SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis for COVID-19 drug repurposing, FEBS J, doi:10.1111/febs.15369
Hoertel, Sánchez-Rico, Vernet, Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from an observational study, Mol Psychiatry, doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01021-4
Honos, Healthy London Partnership
Lau, Horschitz, Berger, Bartsch, Schloss, Antidepressant-induced internalization of the serotonin transporter in serotonergic neurons, FASEB J Off Publ Fed Am Soc Exp Biol, doi:10.1096/fj.07-095471
Lenze, Fluvoxamine for Early Treatment of Covid-19: A Fully-Remote, Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial
Lenze, Mattar, Zorumski, Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA, doi:10.1001/jama.2020.22760
Liu, Ginn, Dejnirattisai, Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2
Machado, Iskedjian, Ruiz, Einarson, Remission, dropouts, and adverse drug reaction rates in major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of head-to-head trials, Curr Med Res Opin, doi:10.1185/030079906X132415
Mahase, Covid-19: Where are we on vaccines and variants?, BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.n597
Mason, Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective, Eur Respir J, doi:10.1183/13993003.00607-2020
Oskotsky, Marić, Tang, Mortality Risk Among Patients With COVID-19
Parker, Desai, Marti, Response to additional COVID-19 vaccine doses in people who are immunocompromised: a rapid review, Lancet Glob Health, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00593-3
Perera, Broadbent, Callard, Cohort profile of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC) Case Register: current status and recent enhancement of an Electronic Mental Health Record-derived data resource, BMJ Open, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008721
Reis, Dos, Silva, Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial, Lancet Glob Health, doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00448-4
Seftel, Boulware, Prospective Cohort of Fluvoxamine for Early Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 19, Open Forum Infect Dis, doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab050
Takahashi, Miyoshi, Otomo, Osada, Yamaguchi et al., Suppression of dynamin GTPase activity by sertraline leads to inhibition of dynamindependent endocytosis, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.067
Wouters, Shadlen, Salcher-Konrad, Challenges in ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines: production, affordability, allocation, and deployment, The Lancet, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00306-8
{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]], 'date-time': '2023-06-21T04:26:23Z', 'timestamp': 1687321583485}, 'reference-count': 41, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]], 'date-time': '2023-06-21T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1687305600000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]], 'date-time': '2023-06-21T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1687305600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100001809', 'name': 'National Natural Science Foundation of China', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Currently, the main pharmaceutical intervention for COVID-19 is ' 'vaccination. While antidepressant (AD) drugs have shown some efficacy in treatment of ' 'symptomatic COVID-19, their preventative potential remains largely unexplored. Analysis of ' 'association between prescription of ADs and COVID-19 incidence in the population would be ' 'beneficial for assessing the utility of ADs in COVID-19 prevention.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>Retrospective study of association between AD prescription and ' 'COVID-19 diagnosis was performed in a cohort of community-dwelling adult mental health ' 'outpatients during the 1st wave of COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. Clinical record interactive ' 'search (CRIS) was performed for mentions of ADs within 3\xa0months preceding admission to ' 'inpatient care of the South London and Maudsley (SLaM) NHS Foundation Trust. Incidence of ' 'positive COVID-19 tests upon admission and during inpatient treatment was the primary outcome ' 'measure.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>AD mention was associated with approximately 40% lower incidence of ' 'positive COVID-19 test results when adjusted for socioeconomic parameters and physical ' 'health. This association was also observed for prescription of ADs of the selective serotonin ' 'reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec><jats:sec>\n' ' <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n' ' <jats:p>This preliminary study suggests that ADs, and SSRIs in particular, ' 'may be of benefit for preventing COVID-19 infection spread in the community. The key ' 'limitations of the study are its retrospective nature and the focus on a mental health ' 'patient cohort. A more definitive assessment of AD and SSRI preventative potential warrants ' 'prospective studies in the wider demographic.\n' '</jats:p>\n' ' </jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]], 'date-time': '2023-06-21T00:02:16Z', 'timestamp': 1687305736000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Antidepressant drug prescription and incidence of COVID-19 in mental health outpatients: a ' 'retrospective cohort study', 'prefix': '10.1186', 'volume': '21', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-5470', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Oleg O.', 'family': 'Glebov', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9816-1686', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Christoph', 'family': 'Mueller', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4435-6397', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Robert', 'family': 'Stewart', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6314-216X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Dag', 'family': 'Aarsland', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3414-303X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Gayan', 'family': 'Perera', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]]}, 'reference': [ { 'issue': '12', 'key': '2877_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1303', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41562-020-01009-0', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'N Haug', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Haug N, Geyrhofer L, Londei A, Dervic E, Desvars-Larrive A, Loreto V, et ' 'al. Ranking the effectiveness of worldwide COVID-19 government ' 'interventions. Nat Hum Behav. 2020;4(12):1303–12.', 'journal-title': 'Nat Hum Behav'}, { 'issue': '16', 'key': '2877_CR2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '4220', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2021.06.020', 'volume': '184', 'author': 'C Liu', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Liu C, Ginn HM, Dejnirattisai W, Supasa P, Wang B, Tuekprakhon A, et al. ' 'Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent ' 'serum. Cell. 2021;184(16):4220-4236.e13.', 'journal-title': 'Cell.'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '2877_CR3', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e326', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00593-3', 'volume': '10', 'author': 'EPK Parker', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Parker EPK, Desai S, Marti M, Nohynek H, Kaslow DC, Kochhar S, et al. ' 'Response to additional COVID-19 vaccine doses in people who are ' 'immunocompromised: a rapid review. Lancet Glob Health. ' '2022;10(3):e326–8.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Glob Health'}, { 'key': '2877_CR4', 'unstructured': 'Global Dashboard for Vaccine Equity [Internet]. UNDP Data Futures ' 'Platform. [Cited 5 Apr 2023]. Available from: ' 'https://data.undp.org/vaccine-equity/.'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '2877_CR5', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e63', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00270-8', 'volume': '9', 'author': 'P Venkatesan', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Venkatesan P. Repurposing drugs for treatment of COVID-19. Lancet Respir ' 'Med. 2021;9(7):e63.', 'journal-title': 'Lancet Respir Med'}, { 'issue': '17', 'key': '2877_CR6', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3664', 'DOI': '10.1111/febs.15369', 'volume': '287', 'author': 'OO Glebov', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Glebov OO. Understanding SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis for COVID-19 drug ' 'repurposing. FEBS J. 2020;287(17):3664–71.', 'journal-title': 'FEBS J'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '2877_CR7', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '379', 'DOI': '10.1038/d41587-020-00003-1', 'volume': '38', 'author': 'C Harrison', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Harrison C. Coronavirus puts drug repurposing on the fast track. Nat ' 'Biotechnol. 2020;38(4):379–81.', 'journal-title': 'Nat Biotechnol'}, { 'key': '2877_CR8', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Zhou Y, Wang F, Tang J, Nussinov R, Cheng F. Artificial intelligence in ' 'COVID-19 drug repurposing. Lancet Digit Health. 2020;0(0). ' 'https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500.', 'DOI': '10.1016/S2589-7500'}, { 'issue': '6', 'key': '2877_CR9', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '517', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2016638', 'volume': '383', 'author': 'DR Boulware', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Boulware DR, Pullen MF, Bangdiwala AS, Pastick KA, Lofgren SM, Okafor ' 'EC, et al. A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure ' 'prophylaxis for COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(6):517–25.', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'key': '2877_CR10', 'unstructured': 'Ivermectin for preventing and treating COVID-19. [Cited 28 Jul 2022]. ' 'Available from: ' 'https://www.cochrane.org/CD015017/INFECTN_ivermectin-preventing-and-treating-covid-19.'}, { 'key': '2877_CR11', 'first-page': '1', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'N Hoertel', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Vernet R, Beeker N, Jannot AS, Neuraz A, et ' 'al. Association between antidepressant use and reduced risk of ' 'intubation or death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: results from ' 'an observational study. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;4:1–14.', 'journal-title': 'Mol Psychiatry'}, { 'issue': '19', 'key': '2877_CR12', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '5882', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm11195882', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'N Hoertel', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Hoertel N, Sánchez-Rico M, Kornhuber J, Gulbins E, Reiersen AM, Lenze ' 'EJ, et al. Antidepressant use and its association with 28-day mortality ' 'in inpatients with SARS-CoV-2: support for the FIASMA model against ' 'COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2022;11(19):5882.', 'journal-title': 'J Clin Med'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '2877_CR13', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41398-022-02109-3', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'BA Fritz', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Fritz BA, Hoerte N, Lenze EJ, FJalali, Reiersen AM. Association between ' 'antidepressant use and ED or hospital visits in outpatients with ' 'SARS-CoV-2. Transl Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):1–9.', 'journal-title': 'Transl Psychiatry'}, { 'key': '2877_CR14', 'unstructured': 'Lenze E. Fluvoxamine for early treatment of COVID-19: a fully-remote, ' 'randomized placebo controlled trial. clinicaltrials.gov; 2021 May [Cited ' '7 Jun 2021]. Report No.: NCT04668950. Available from: ' 'https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04668950.'}, { 'issue': '22', 'key': '2877_CR15', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2292', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2020.22760', 'volume': '324', 'author': 'EJ Lenze', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Lenze EJ, Mattar C, Zorumski CF, Stevens A, Schweiger J, Nicol GE, et ' 'al. Fluvoxamine vs placebo and clinical deterioration in outpatients ' 'with symptomatic COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. ' '2020;324(22):2292.', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '2877_CR16', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'unstructured': 'Seftel D, Boulware DR. Prospective cohort of fluvoxamine for early ' 'treatment of coronavirus disease 19. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021 [cited ' '2021 Jun 9];8(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofab050.', 'DOI': '10.1093/ofid/ofab050'}, { 'key': '2877_CR17', 'unstructured': 'Reis G, Moreira-Silva EA dos S, Silva DCM, Thabane L, Milagres AC, ' 'Ferreira TS, et al. Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk ' 'of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the ' 'TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 ' '[cited 2021 Nov 8];0(0). Available from: ' 'https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(21)00448-4/fulltext.'}, { 'issue': '11', 'key': '2877_CR18', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e2133090', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.33090', 'volume': '4', 'author': 'T Oskotsky', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Oskotsky T, Marić I, Tang A, Oskotsky B, Wong RJ, Aghaeepour N, et al. ' 'Mortality risk among patients with COVID-19 prescribed selective ' 'serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. JAMA Netw Open. ' '2021;4(11):e2133090.', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Netw Open'}, { 'issue': '7', 'key': '2877_CR19', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '599', 'DOI': '10.1056/NEJMoa2201662', 'volume': '387', 'author': 'CT Bramante', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Bramante CT, Huling JD, Tignanelli CJ, Buse JB, Liebovitz DM, Nicklas ' 'JM, et al. Randomized trial of metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine ' 'for COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(7):599–610.', 'journal-title': 'N Engl J Med'}, { 'issue': '4', 'key': '2877_CR20', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '296', 'DOI': '10.1001/jama.2022.24100', 'volume': '329', 'author': 'MW McCarthy', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'McCarthy MW, Naggie S, Boulware DR, Lindsell CJ, Stewart TG, Felker GM, ' 'et al. Effect of fluvoxamine vs placebo on time to sustained recovery in ' 'outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial. ' 'JAMA. 2023;329(4):296–305.', 'journal-title': 'JAMA'}, { 'key': '2877_CR21', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Fred SM, Kuivanen S, Ugurlu H, Casarotto PC, Levanov L, Saksela K, et ' 'al. Antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs reduce viral infection by ' 'SARS-CoV-2 and fluoxetine shows antiviral activity against the novel ' 'variants in vitro. Front Pharmacol. 2022 [cited 2023 Feb 16];12. ' 'Available from: ' 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.755600.', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2021.755600'}, { 'key': '2877_CR22', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '3466', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2021.787261', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'OO Glebov', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Glebov OO. Low-dose fluvoxamine modulates endocytic trafficking of ' 'SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: a potential mechanism for anti-COVID-19 ' 'protection by antidepressants. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:3466.', 'journal-title': 'Front Pharmacol'}, { 'issue': '1', 'key': '2877_CR23', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '5890', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-021-85049-0', 'volume': '11', 'author': 'M Zimniak', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Zimniak M, Kirschner L, Hilpert H, Geiger N, Danov O, Oberwinkler H, et ' 'al. The serotonin reuptake inhibitor Fluoxetine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in ' 'human lung tissue. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):5890.', 'journal-title': 'Sci Rep'}, { 'issue': '8', 'key': '2877_CR24', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '100142', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100142', 'volume': '1', 'author': 'A Carpinteiro', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Carpinteiro A, Edwards MJ, Hoffmann M, Kochs G, Gripp B, Weigang S, et ' 'al. Pharmacological inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase prevents uptake ' 'of SARS-CoV-2 by epithelial cells. Cell Rep Med. 2020;1(8):100142.', 'journal-title': 'Cell Rep Med'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '2877_CR25', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e008721', 'DOI': '10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008721', 'volume': '6', 'author': 'G Perera', 'year': '2016', 'unstructured': 'Perera G, Broadbent M, Callard F, Chang CK, Downs J, Dutta R, et al. ' 'Cohort profile of the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust ' 'Biomedical Research Centre (SLaM BRC) Case Register: current status and ' 'recent enhancement of an Electronic Mental Health Record-derived data ' 'resource. BMJ Open. 2016;6(3):e008721.', 'journal-title': 'BMJ Open'}, { 'key': '2877_CR26', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Davis KAS, Broadbent M, Bishara D, Mueller C, Stewart R. Can medication ' 'mentions in CRIS be used for researching medication use in older people ' 'with dementia? Comparing the natural language processing app for ' 'medicines to GP prescribing. medRxiv; 2023 [cited 2023 Feb 21]. p. ' '2023.01.27.23285104. Available from: ' 'https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.01.27.23285104v1.', 'DOI': '10.1101/2023.01.27.23285104'}, { 'key': '2877_CR27', 'unstructured': 'ICD-10 Version:2019. [cited 2022 Aug 15]. Available from: ' 'https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/.'}, { 'key': '2877_CR28', 'unstructured': 'HoNOS. Healthy London Partnership. [cited 2022 Aug 11]. Available from: ' 'https://www.healthylondon.org/resource/outcome-measures/honos/.'}, { 'key': '2877_CR29', 'unstructured': 'Stata | FAQ: Citing Stata software, documentation, and FAQs. [cited 2022 ' 'Aug 15]. Available from: ' 'https://www.stata.com/support/faqs/resources/citing-software-documentation-faqs/.'}, { 'issue': '13', 'key': '2877_CR30', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '2255', 'DOI': '10.3390/ijerph16132255', 'volume': '16', 'author': 'BX Tran', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Tran BX, Ha GH, Vu GT, Nguyen LH, Latkin CA, Nathan K, et al. Indices of ' 'change, expectations, and popularity of biological treatments for major ' 'depressive disorder between 1988 and 2017: a scientometric analysis. Int ' 'J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(13):2255.', 'journal-title': 'Int J Environ Res Public Health'}, { 'key': '2877_CR31', 'unstructured': 'Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Herd immunity, lockdowns and COVID-19. ' '[cited 2022 Aug 12]. Available from: ' 'https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/herd-immunity-lockdowns-and-covid-19.'}, { 'key': '2877_CR32', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '67', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.11.009', 'volume': '66', 'author': 'Y Ma', 'year': '2023', 'unstructured': 'Ma Y, Li S, Yang H, Zhang Y, Li H, Xu F, et al. Effect of psychotropics ' 'on the risk of COVID-19 in middle-aged and older adults. Eur ' 'Neuropsychopharmacol. 2023;66:67–77.', 'journal-title': 'Eur Neuropsychopharmacol'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '2877_CR33', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e2210743', 'DOI': '10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.10743', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'K Nemani', 'year': '2022', 'unstructured': 'Nemani K, Williams SZ, Olfson M, Leckman-Westin E, Finnerty M, Kammer J, ' 'et al. Association between the use of psychotropic medications and the ' 'risk of COVID-19 infection among long-term inpatients with serious ' 'mental illness in a New York state–wide psychiatric hospital system. ' 'JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(5):e2210743.', 'journal-title': 'JAMA Netw Open'}, { 'issue': '9', 'key': '2877_CR34', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1825', 'DOI': '10.1185/030079906X132415', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'M Machado', 'year': '2006', 'unstructured': 'Machado M, Iskedjian M, Ruiz I, Einarson TR. Remission, dropouts, and ' 'adverse drug reaction rates in major depressive disorder: a ' 'meta-analysis of head-to-head trials. Curr Med Res Opin. ' '2006;22(9):1825–37.', 'journal-title': 'Curr Med Res Opin'}, { 'issue': '6554', 'key': '2877_CR35', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '541', 'DOI': '10.1126/science.abi4708', 'volume': '373', 'author': 'TA Tummino', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Tummino TA, Rezelj VV, Fischer B, Fischer A, O’Meara MJ, Monel B, et al. ' 'Drug-induced phospholipidosis confounds drug repurposing for SARS-CoV-2. ' 'Science. 2021;373(6554):541–7.', 'journal-title': 'Science'}, { 'key': '2877_CR36', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Sukhatme VP, Reiersen AM, Vayttaden SJ, Sukhatme VV. Fluvoxamine: a ' 'review of its mechanism of action and its role in COVID-19. Front ' 'Pharmacol. 2021 [cited 2023 Feb 16];12. Available from: ' 'https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2021.652688.', 'DOI': '10.3389/fphar.2021.652688'}, { 'issue': '10', 'key': '2877_CR37', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': 'e0186700', 'DOI': '10.1371/journal.pone.0186700', 'volume': '12', 'author': 'Y Lu', 'year': '2017', 'unstructured': 'Lu Y, Ho CS, Liu X, Chua AN, Wang W, McIntyre RS, et al. Chronic ' 'administration of fluoxetine and pro-inflammatory cytokine change in a ' 'rat model of depression. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186700.', 'journal-title': 'PLoS One'}, { 'key': '2877_CR38', 'first-page': '1', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'K Hashimoto', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Hashimoto K. Repurposing of CNS drugs to treat COVID-19 infection: ' 'targeting the sigma-1 receptor. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. ' '2021;5:1–10.', 'journal-title': 'Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci'}, { 'issue': '3', 'key': '2877_CR39', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '342', 'DOI': '10.1085/jgp.201812263', 'volume': '151', 'author': 'R Kapoor', 'year': '2019', 'unstructured': 'Kapoor R, Peyear TA, Koeppe RE, Andersen OS. Antidepressants are ' 'modifiers of lipid bilayer properties. J Gen Physiol. ' '2019;151(3):342–56.', 'journal-title': 'J Gen Physiol'}, { 'issue': '5', 'key': '2877_CR40', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '505', 'DOI': '10.1017/S1041610220004135', 'volume': '33', 'author': 'B Creese', 'year': '2021', 'unstructured': 'Creese B, Khan Z, Henley W, O’Dwyer S, Corbett A, Silva MVD, et al. ' 'Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: a ' 'longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age ' 'of 50 between 2015 and 2020. Int Psychogeriatr. 2021;33(5):505–14.', 'journal-title': 'Int Psychogeriatr'}, { 'key': '2877_CR41', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'unstructured': 'Mason RJ. Pathogenesis of COVID-19 from a cell biology perspective. Eur ' 'Respir J. 2020 [cited 2022 Aug 12];55(4). Available from: ' 'https://erj.ersjournals.com/content/55/4/2000607.', 'DOI': '10.1183/13993003.00607-2020'}], 'container-title': 'BMC Medicine', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9/fulltext.html', 'content-type': 'text/html', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'text-mining'}, { 'URL': 'https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9.pdf', 'content-type': 'application/pdf', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]], 'date-time': '2023-06-21T00:02:55Z', 'timestamp': 1687305775000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': { 'primary': { 'URL': 'https://bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]]}, 'references-count': 41, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '1', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 12]]}}, 'alternative-id': ['2877'], 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916-023-02877-9', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['1741-7015'], 'subject': ['General Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'BMC Med', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023, 6, 21]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '7 December 2022', 'order': 1, 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '20 April 2023', 'order': 2, 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, { 'value': '21 June 2023', 'order': 3, 'name': 'first_online', 'label': 'First Online', 'group': {'name': 'ArticleHistory', 'label': 'Article History'}}, {'order': 1, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Declarations'}}, { 'value': 'The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institute of ' 'Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London (reference ' 'number 21–059 KHP).', 'order': 2, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Ethics approval and consent to participate'}}, { 'value': 'Not required.', 'order': 3, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Consent for publication'}}, { 'value': 'RS declares research support received within the last 36\xa0months from ' 'Janssen, GSK, and Takeda.', 'order': 4, 'name': 'Ethics', 'group': {'name': 'EthicsHeading', 'label': 'Competing interests'}}], 'article-number': '209'}
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit