Inadequate Physical Activity Is Associated with Worse Physical Function in a Sample of COVID-19 Survivors with Post-Acute Symptoms

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 28]], 'date-time': '2023-03-28T04:41:14Z', 'timestamp': 1679978474414}, 'reference-count': 65, 'publisher': 'MDPI AG', 'issue': '7', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-03-27T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1679875200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}], 'funder': [{'name': 'Fondazione Angelini, Fondazione Memmo, Danone, Nutricia'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>Background—Patients affected by Long COVID often report shorter times spent doing ' 'physical activity (PA) after COVID-19. The aim of the present study was to evaluate potential ' 'associations between PA levels and parameters of physical function in a cohort of COVID-19 ' 'survivors with post-acute symptoms, with a particular focus on individuals aged 65 and older. ' 'Materials and methods—PA levels before and after COVID-19 were assessed in a sample of ' 'patients that had recovered from COVID-19 and were admitted to a post-acute outpatient ' 'service at the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS (Rome, Italy). ' 'Participation in PA was operationalized as the engagement in leisure-time PA for at least 150 ' 'min per week in the last 3 months. Self-rated health and measures of physical performance and ' 'muscle strength were assessed. Results—Mean age of 1846 participants was 55.2 ± 14.4 years ' 'and 47% were women. Before COVID-19, inactivity was detected in 47% of the whole study ' 'population; only 28% maintained pre-COVID-19 PA engagement. Inactivity was more frequent in ' 'women. The stopping of physical activity was associated with increased BMI and CRP levels, ' 'lower vitamin D levels and a higher prevalence of post-COVID-19 fatigue, dyspnea, arthralgia, ' 'and myalgia. Active participants had higher handgrip strength and performed better on both ' 'the six-minute walking test (6MWT) and at the one-minute sit-to-stand test (1MSTST). In ' 'particular, at the 6MWT, participants 65 and older that were still active after COVID-19 ' 'walked 32 m more than sedentary peers. Moreover, the distance covered was 28 m more than ' 'those who were active only before COVID-19 (p = 0.05). Formerly active subjects performed ' 'similarly at the 6MWT to inactive participants. PA was associated with better self-rated ' 'health. Conclusions—Our findings reveal that inactivity is frequent in the post-acute ' 'COVID-19 phase. Stopping physical activity after COVID-19 results in measures of performance ' 'that are comparable to those who were never active. Relevant differences in the distance ' 'covered at the 6MWT were found between older active subjects and their sedentary ' 'peers.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.3390/jcm12072517', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 27]], 'date-time': '2023-03-27T09:34:30Z', 'timestamp': 1679909670000}, 'page': '2517', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Inadequate Physical Activity Is Associated with Worse Physical Function in a Sample of COVID-19 ' 'Survivors with Post-Acute Symptoms', 'prefix': '10.3390', 'volume': '12', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-5979', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Vincenzo', 'family': 'Galluzzo', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Maria Beatrice', 'family': 'Zazzara', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Francesca', 'family': 'Ciciarello', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5750-9746', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Matteo', 'family': 'Tosato', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Anna Maria', 'family': 'Martone', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Cristina', 'family': 'Pais', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Giulia', 'family': 'Savera', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-2365', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Riccardo', 'family': 'Calvani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7032-3487', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Anna', 'family': 'Picca', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9567-6983', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Emanuele', 'family': 'Marzetti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}, { 'name': 'Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica ' 'del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'given': 'Francesco', 'family': 'Landi', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, ' '00168 Rome, Italy'}, { 'name': 'Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica ' 'del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy'}]}, { 'name': 'on behalf of Gemelli Against COVID-19 Post-Acute Care Team', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '1968', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2023, 3, 27]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'ref_1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '219', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61031-9', 'article-title': 'Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases ' 'worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy', 'volume': '380', 'author': 'Lee', 'year': '2012', 'journal-title': 'Lancet'}, { 'key': 'ref_2', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': 'e002495', 'DOI': '10.1161/JAHA.115.002495', 'article-title': 'Quantifying the Association Between Physical Activity and ' 'Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and ' 'Meta-Analysis', 'volume': '5', 'author': 'Wahid', 'year': '2016', 'journal-title': 'J. 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