The Association between Lifestyle Risk Factors and COVID-19 Hospitalization in a Healthcare Institution
Wenes Pereira Reis, MHS, DrPH Olivia Moses, MPH, DrPH Jisoo Oh, MPH, DrPH April Wilson, MPH, FACPM Josileide Gaio, Hildemar Dos Santos
American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, doi:10.1177/15598276221135541
COVID-19 is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a subtype of the coronavirus. In addition to normal levels of biometric measures, a healthy lifestyle has been considered an indispensable element in preventing complications of coronavirus infection. Demographic characteristics are also critical in determining risk levels. Aim: Investigate potential significant associations between health behaviors, biometric screenings, demographics, and COVID-19 hospitalization in Loma Linda University Health employees. Methods: Participants are employees covered under the employersponsored health plan at
ORCID iDs Wenes Pereira Reis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9983-2664 Jisoo Oh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8905-7633
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'abstract': '<jats:p> COVID-19 is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a subtype '
'of the coronavirus. In addition to normal levels of biometric measures, a healthy lifestyle '
'has been considered an indispensable element in preventing complications of coronavirus '
'infection. Demographic characteristics are also critical in determining risk levels. Aim: '
'Investigate potential significant associations between health behaviors, biometric '
'screenings, demographics, and COVID-19 hospitalization in Loma Linda University Health '
'employees. Methods: Participants are employees covered under the employer-sponsored health '
'plan at Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, who tested positive for COVID-19. '
'Logistic regression models were applied to analyze demographics, biometric screenings, and '
'lifestyle factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalization. In our study, 7% of participants '
'required hospitalization. Variables independently associated with COVID-19 hospitalization '
'included higher age (OR = 1.05 [1.01–1.08], P = .005), non-White race compared to the White '
'race (OR = 3.2 [1.22–8.38], P = .018), higher HbA1C levels showing a marginal association (OR '
'= 1.31 [.99–1.72], P = .057), and lower vegetable consumption (OR = 4.39 [2.06–9.40], P < '
'.001). Lower protein consumption decreased the Odds of hospitalization (OR = .40 [.19–.87], P '
'= .021). Our results suggest that a diet that includes more vegetables and lower protein may '
'confer some protection against COVID-19 hospitalization. </jats:p>',
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