The Saliva of Probands Sucking an Iota-Carrageenan Containing Lozenge Inhibits Viral Binding and Replication of the Most Predominant Common Cold Viruses and SARS-CoV-2
Morokutti-Kurz et al.,
The Saliva of Probands Sucking an Iota-Carrageenan Containing Lozenge Inhibits Viral Binding and Replication..,
International Journal of General Medicine, doi:10.2147/IJGM.S325861, NCT04533906
Prospective study of 31 subjects analyzing iota-carrageenan concentration in saliva after using an iota-carrageenan containing lozenge, showing sufficient concentration to neutralize common respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2. For SARS-CoV-2, the IC90 was exceeded by 121-fold (
p < 0.001).
NCT04533906 (history).
Abstract: International Journal of General Medicine
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C L I N I C A L T R I A L R E P O RT
The Saliva of Probands Sucking an Iota-Carrageenan
Containing Lozenge Inhibits Viral Binding and
Replication of the Most Predominant Common
Cold Viruses and SARS-CoV-2
Martina Morokutti-Kurz 1
Nicole Unger-Manhart 1
Philipp Graf 1
Pia Rauch 2
Julia Kodnar 1
Maximilian Große 2
Christian Setz 2
Markus Savli 3
Friedrich Ehrenreich 4
Andreas Grassauer 1
Eva Prieschl-Grassauer 1
Ulrich Schubert 2
1
Marinomed Biotech AG, Korneuburg,
2100, Austria; 2Institute of Virology,
Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenNürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany;
3
Biostatistik & Consulting Savli, Hartberg,
8230, Austria; 4Practice Dr. Friedrich
Ehrenreich, Vienna, 1170, Austria
Correspondence: Martina MorokuttiKurz
Marinomed Biotech AG, Korneuburg,
2100, Austria
Email martina.morokuttikurz@marinomed.com
Ulrich Schubert
Institute of Virology, Friedrich-Alexander
University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU),
Erlangen, Germany
Email ulrich.schubert@fau.de
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate whether sucking of an iota-carrageenan
containing lozenge releases sufficient iota-carrageenan into the saliva of healthy subjects to
neutralize representatives of the most common respiratory virus families causing common cold
and SARS-CoV-2.
Patients and Methods: In this monocentric, open label, prospective clinical trial, 31
healthy subjects were included to suck a commercially available iota-carrageenan containing
lozenge. Saliva samples from 27 subjects were used for ex vivo efficacy analysis. The
study’s primary objective was to assess if the mean iota-carrageenan concentration of the
saliva samples exceeded 5 µg/mL, which is the concentration known to reduce replication of
human rhinovirus (hRV) 1a and 8 by 90%. The iota-carrageenan concentration of the saliva
samples was analyzed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The antiviral effectiveness of the individual
saliva samples was determined in vitro against a panel of respiratory viruses including
hRV1a, hRV8, human coronavirus OC43, influenza virus A H1N1pdm09, coxsackievirus
A10, parainfluenza virus 3 and SARS-CoV-2 using standard virological assays.
Results: The mean iota-carrageenan concentration detected in the saliva exceeds the concentra
tion needed to inhibit 90% of hRV1a and hRV8 replication by 134-fold (95% CI 116.3–160.8-fold;
p < 0.001). Thus, the study met the primary endpoint. Furthermore, the iota-carrageenan saliva
concentration was 60 to 30,351-fold higher than needed to reduce viral replication/binding of all
tested viruses by at least 90% (p < 0.001). The effect was most pronounced in hCoV OC43; in case
of SARS-CoV-2, the IC90 was exceeded by 121-fold (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Sucking an iota-carrageenan containing lozenge releases sufficient iota-carra
geenan to neutralize and inactivate the most abundant respiratory viruses as well as pandemic
SARS-CoV-2. The lozenges are therefore an appropriate measure to reduce the viral load at
the site of infection, hereby presumably limiting transmission within a population as well as
translocation to the lower respiratory tract.
Trial Registration: NCT04533906.
Keywords: iota-carrageenan, respiratory viruses, corona virus, lozenges, antiviral, clinical
study,..
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