Patterns of Dietary Supplement Use during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland: Focus on Vitamin D and Magnesium

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3390/nu16193225", "ISSN": [ "2072-6643" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16193225", "abstract": "<jats:p>Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant attention to the role of dietary supplements, particularly Vitamin D, in enhancing immunity and possibly mitigating the severity of the disease. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of nutritional health in preventing severe outcomes from infections. Objective: This study aimed to assess consumption patterns of dietary supplements, with a focus on Vitamin D, among the Polish population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the demographic factors influencing these patterns. Methods: An anonymous survey was conducted in March 2021 among 926 pharmacy patients in Poland. The study analyzed the use of dietary supplements such as vitamin D, magnesium, and others in relation to variables like age, gender, and education level. Statistical analyses were performed using the Pearson chi-square test. Results: The study revealed that 77.1% of the respondents reported using dietary supplements, with Vitamin D being the most frequently mentioned, used by 64.6% of participants. Magnesium was also widely used, with a higher overall prevalence of 67.3%, making it the most commonly consumed supplement. The use of supplements was significantly higher among women and individuals with higher education. Younger age groups, particularly those aged 18–30, were more likely to use supplements. Conclusions: The use of supplements was significantly higher among women, individuals with higher education, and those aged 18–30. However, the findings also indicate a growing awareness and increased use across the general population. This trend reflects increased public awareness of the potential health benefits of these supplements in boosting immunity. However, the study also highlights the need for public education on the risks of over-supplementation and the importance of appropriate dosages.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "nu16193225" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "family": "Grosman-Dziewiszek", "given": "Patrycja", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "family": "Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska", "given": "Izabela", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "family": "Szeląg", "given": "Adam", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1404-2274", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Wiatrak", "given": "Benita", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Nutrients", "container-title-short": "Nutrients", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 9, 24 ] ], "date-time": "2024-09-24T12:54:17Z", "timestamp": 1727182457000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 9, 24 ] ], "date-time": "2024-09-24T13:29:57Z", "timestamp": 1727184597000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 9, 25 ] ], "date-time": "2024-09-25T04:28:25Z", "timestamp": 1727238505257 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "19", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 9, 24 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "19", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 10 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 9, 24 ] ], "date-time": "2024-09-24T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1727136000000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/19/3225/pdf", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "1968", "original-title": [], "page": "3225", "prefix": "10.3390", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 9, 24 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 9, 24 ] ] }, "publisher": "MDPI AG", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.3390/vaccines9050502", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "key": "ref_1", "unstructured": "Jęśkowiak, I., Wiatrak, B., Grosman-Dziewiszek, P., and Szeląg, A. 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