Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study
González-Estevez et al.,
Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A..,
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, doi:10.3390/ijerph18147266
Retrospective 40 COVID+ patients in Mexico, showing higher risk of symptoms with vitamin D deficiency. Higher food intake quality and intense physical activity were associated with vitamin D sufficiency. Insufficient intake of several micronutrients was common.
risk of symptomatic case, 25.0% lower, RR 0.75, p = 0.04, high D levels (≥30ng/mL) 6 of 8 (75.0%), low D levels (<30ng/mL) 32 of 32 (100.0%), NNT 4.0.
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González-Estevez et al., 7 Jul 2021, retrospective, Mexico, peer-reviewed, 6 authors.
Abstract: International Journal of
Environmental Research
and Public Health
Article
Association of Food Intake Quality with Vitamin D in
SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from Mexico: A
Cross-Sectional Study
Guillermo González-Estevez 1,2 , Francisco Javier Turrubiates-Hernández 1 , Laura Elena Herrera-Jiménez 1 ,
Gabriela Athziri Sánchez-Zuno 1 , Melva Guadalupe Herrera-Godina 1 and José Francisco Muñoz-Valle 1,2, *
1
2
*
Citation: González-Estevez, G.;
Turrubiates-Hernández, F.J.;
Herrera-Jiménez, L.E.; Sánchez-Zuno,
G.A.; Herrera-Godina, M.G.;
Muñoz-Valle, J.F. Association of Food
Intake Quality with Vitamin D in
SARS-CoV-2 Positive Patients from
Mexico: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int.
J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18,
7266. https://doi.org/10.3390/
ijerph18147266
Academic Editor: Paul B. Tchounwou
Received: 10 June 2021
Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, Department of Medical Clinics, University Center of Health
Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Edificio Q, 950 Sierra Mojada, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
guillermo.gonzalezestevez@cucs.udg.mx (G.G.-E.); francisco.turrubiates3337@alumnos.udg.mx (F.J.T.-H.);
laura.herrera3967@alumnos.udg.mx (L.E.H.-J.); athziri.sanchez@alumnos.udg.mx (G.A.S.-Z.);
melva.herrera@academicos.udg.mx (M.G.H.-G.)
COVID-19 Situation Room (Analysis Group), University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of
Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
Correspondence: biologiamolecular@hotmail.com or drjosefranciscomv@cucs.udg.mx
Abstract: One of the micronutrients that has attracted the most attention in relation to COVID-19 is
vitamin D. Although several factors affect its sufficiency; it has been argued that an optimal diet can
ensure the intake of micronutrients with effects on immune response. Therefore, in this work we
aimed to evaluate the food intake quality of SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican patients and some of the
common factors related to vitamin D deficiency. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 40 SARSCoV-2 positive patients. Serum samples and clinical parameters were collected. Micronutrient intake
and food intake quality were assessed with a 24-h dietary recall and the Mini-ECCA v.2, respectively.
Thirty-eight percent of the sample had a healthy food intake. The median 25(OH)D concentration was
22.7 ng/mL. A considerable insufficient intake of micronutrients with immunomodulatory effects
such as vitamin D (p < 0.0001), vitamin E (p < 0.0001), and zinc (p < 0.0001) was shown. Patients with
25(OH)D sufficiency, defined as a concentration >30 ng/mL, had better food intake quality (p = 0.02)
and an intense physical activity (p = 0.03). In conclusion, a better level of food intake quality and
intense physical activity are associated with 25(OH)D sufficiency in SARS-CoV-2 positive Mexican
patients.
Keywords: vitamin D; SARS-CoV-2; food intake quality; physical activity; COVID-19; coronavirus;
calcidiol; micronutrients; Mexico
Accepted: 4 July 2021
Published: 7 July 2021
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