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Effective Treatment of COVID-19 Infection with Repurposed Drugs: Case Reports

Enyeji et al., Viral Immunology, doi:10.1089/vim.2024.0034

Aug 2024

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Sotrovimab for COVID-19

41st treatment shown to reduce risk in May 2023

^*, now with p = 0.003 from 24 studies, recognized in 38 countries. Efficacy is variant dependent.

Lower risk for ICU admission and hospitalization.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments. ^* >10% efficacy, ≥3 studies.

4,800+ studies for 95 treatments. c19early.org

Review of the successful treatment of COVID-19 using existing medications including HCQ, AZ, ivermectin, famotidine, monoclonal antibodies, and others. Authors note that the typical treatment of severe viral infections with multiple therapeutic agents has generally not been done in COVID-19 clinical trials, that different mechanisms of action from multiple treatments can minimize the emergence of drug-resistant SARS-CoV-2 strains, and that early treatment disrupts viral replication, avoids progression to cytokine storm, and is critical to avoid long-term complications.

Efficacy is variant dependent. In Vitro studies predict lower efficacy for BA.11-3, BA.4, BA.54, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5.24, XBB.2.9, CH.1.15, and no efficacy for BA.26, ХВВ.1.9.1, XBB.1.16, BQ.1.1.45, and CL.15. US EUA has been revoked.

Reviews covering sotrovimab for COVID-19 include7-9.

Important missing comments or errors? Let us know.

Review covers ivermectin, HCQ, famotidine, bebtelovimab, tixagevimab/cilgavimab, and sotrovimab.

1. Liu et al., Striking Antibody Evasion Manifested by the Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.12.14.472719.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

2. Sheward et al., Variable loss of antibody potency against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 (Omicron), bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.12.19.473354.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

3. VanBlargan et al., An infectious SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 Omicron virus escapes neutralization by several therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2021.12.15.472828.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

4. Haars et al., Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sublineages and Spike Protein Mutations Conferring Resistance against Monoclonal Antibodies in a Swedish Cohort during 2022–2023, Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11102417.mdpi.com, doi.org.

5. Pochtovyi et al., In Vitro Efficacy of Antivirals and Monoclonal Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Lineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.4, BQ.1.1.45, CH.1.1, and CL.1, Vaccines, doi:10.3390/vaccines11101533.mdpi.com, doi.org.

6. Zhou et al., SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant Evades Neutralization by Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.02.15.480166.biorxiv.org, doi.org.

7. Focosi, D., Monoclonal Antibody Therapies Against SARS-CoV-2: Promises and Realities, Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, doi:10.1007/82_2024_268.springer.com, doi.org.

8. Enyeji et al., Effective Treatment of COVID-19 Infection with Repurposed Drugs: Case Reports, Viral Immunology, doi:10.1089/vim.2024.0034.liebertpub.com, doi.org.

9. Focosi (B) et al., Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 mutations associated with resistance to therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that emerge after treatment, Drug Resistance Updates, doi:10.1016/j.drup.2023.100991.sciencedirect.com, doi.org.

Enyeji et al., 5 Aug 2024, peer-reviewed, 3 authors.

This Paper Sotrovimab All

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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.

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