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Antiviral efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides: A narrative review

Chidambaram, K., Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, doi:10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23
Nov 2024  
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Review of the efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides against viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Author discusses extracts and andrographolide derivatives that have shown immunomodulatory and antiviral effects in vitro and in silico against SARS-CoV-2 by targeting viral proteins like the main protease, spike protein, and RNA dependent RNA polymerase. Clinical trials have found Andrographis paniculata formulations to be beneficial for upper respiratory tract infections and show promise for early COVID-19.
See Intharuksa et al. for another review covering andrographolide for COVID-19.
Chidambaram et al., 25 Nov 2024, multiple countries, peer-reviewed, 1 author. Contact: ctkumarrx@gmail.com, reprints@medknow.com.
This PaperAndrographol..All
Antiviral efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides: A narrative review
Kumarappan Chidambaram
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, doi:10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23
The rise of emerging infectious diseases has become notably prominent due to ecological changes and mutations in pathogens. The respiratory illness outbreak caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally. Natural products contain numerous structures and biological activities, offering ample options for discovering new antiviral drugs with unique targets and mechanisms. Andrographis paniculata has been utilized in Indian Ayurvedic, Swedish, Traditional Thai, and Chinese medicine to alleviate coughs, colds, and influenza symptoms. Early-stage laboratory studies indicate that this herbal extract may reduce inflammation and fever, and boost the body's natural defenses against viruses, potentially leading to symptom relief. This review aims to systematically present clinical trial data about antiviral herbal formulations derived from Andrographis paniculata, delineating the antiviral effects of both natural and synthetic derivatives, along with in silico analyses.
Conflict of interest statement There is no potential conflict of interest during the review. Publisher's note The Publisher of the Journal remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 27]], 'date-time': '2024-11-27T05:39:34Z', 'timestamp': 1732685974816, 'version': '3.28.2'}, 'reference-count': 124, 'publisher': 'Medknow', 'issue': '11', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 1]], 'date-time': '2024-11-01T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1730419200000}, 'content-version': 'unspecified', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['lww.com', 'ovid.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024, 11]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:p>The rise of emerging infectious diseases has become notably prominent due to ' 'ecological changes and mutations in pathogens. The respiratory illness outbreak caused by the ' 'COVID-19 pandemic has spread globally. Natural products contain numerous structures and ' 'biological activities, offering ample options for discovering new antiviral drugs with unique ' 'targets and mechanisms. <jats:italic toggle="yes">Andrographis paniculata</jats:italic> has ' 'been utilized in Indian Ayurvedic, Swedish, Traditional Thai, and Chinese medicine to ' 'alleviate coughs, colds, and influenza symptoms. Early-stage laboratory studies indicate that ' 'this herbal extract may reduce inflammation and fever, and boost the body’s natural defenses ' 'against viruses, potentially leading to symptom relief. This review aims to systematically ' 'present clinical trial data about antiviral herbal formulations derived from <jats:italic ' 'toggle="yes">Andrographis paniculata</jats:italic>, delineating the antiviral effects of both ' 'natural and synthetic derivatives, along with <jats:italic toggle="yes">in ' 'silico</jats:italic> analyses.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 25]], 'date-time': '2024-11-25T18:00:31Z', 'timestamp': 1732557631000}, 'page': '461-476', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/lww.0000000000001000', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Antiviral efficacy of Andrographis paniculata and andrographolides: A narrative review', 'prefix': '10.4103', 'volume': '14', 'author': [ { 'given': 'Kumarappan', 'family': 'Chidambaram', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid ' 'University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia'}]}], 'member': '2581', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 25]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': 'R1-20241127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '245', 'DOI': '10.4103/1995-7645.348158', 'article-title': 'Biopharmaceuticals for prevention of COVID-19: A scoping review', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Farjami', 'year': '2022', 'journal-title': 'Asian Pac J Trop Med'}, { 'key': 'R2-20241127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '3447', 'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.7039', 'article-title': 'Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery', 'volume': '35', 'author': 'Ali', 'year': '2021', 'journal-title': 'Phytother Res'}, { 'key': 'R3-20241127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1155/2013/846740', 'article-title': 'Experimental and clinical pharmacology of Andrographis paniculata and ' 'its major bioactive phytoconstituent andrographolide', 'volume': '2013', 'author': 'Jayakumar', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Evid Based Complement Alternat Med'}, { 'key': 'R4-20241127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '5365', 'DOI': '10.1002/ptr.7145', 'article-title': 'Andrographis paniculata (Burm. 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Evaluation of the genotoxic potential and acute oral toxicity of ' 'standardized extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold)', 'volume': '47', 'author': 'Chandrasekaran', 'year': '2009', 'journal-title': 'Food Chem Toxicol'}, { 'key': 'R121-20241127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '219', 'DOI': '10.1016/S0378-8741(97)00099-8', 'article-title': 'Testicular toxicity assessment of Andrographis paniculata dried extract ' 'in rats', 'volume': '58', 'author': 'Burgos', 'year': '1997', 'journal-title': 'J Ethnopharmacol'}, { 'key': 'R122-20241127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'first-page': '1123', 'DOI': '10.1007/s00580-012-1539-x', 'article-title': 'Acute and subacute toxicity study of andrographolide bioactive in ' 'rodents: Evidence for the medicinal use as an alternative medicine', 'volume': '22', 'author': 'Bothiraja', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Comp Clin Pathol'}, { 'key': 'R123-20241127', 'article-title': 'Network pharmacology integrated molecular docking reveals the ' 'anti-COVID-19 mechanism of Xingnaojing injection', 'volume': '15', 'author': 'Yu', 'year': '2020', 'journal-title': 'Nat Prod Commun'}, { 'key': 'R124-20241127', 'doi-asserted-by': 'crossref', 'DOI': '10.1155/2013/594012', 'article-title': 'Acute toxicity and the effect of andrographolide on Porphyromonas ' 'gingivalis-induced hyperlipidemia in rats', 'volume': '2013', 'author': 'Al-Batran', 'year': '2013', 'journal-title': 'Biomed Res Int'}], 'container-title': 'Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'link': [ { 'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23', 'content-type': 'unspecified', 'content-version': 'vor', 'intended-application': 'similarity-checking'}], 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 11, 27]], 'date-time': '2024-11-27T02:02:37Z', 'timestamp': 1732672957000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2024, 11]]}, 'references-count': 124, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '11', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2024]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/apjtb.apjtb_751_23', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2221-1691', '2588-9222'], 'subject': [], 'published': {'date-parts': [[2024, 11]]}, 'assertion': [ { 'value': '2023-10-05', 'name': 'received', 'label': 'Received', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}, { 'value': '2024-10-29', 'name': 'accepted', 'label': 'Accepted', 'group': {'name': 'publication_history', 'label': 'Publication History'}}]}
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Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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