Lactoferrin as Antiviral Treatment in COVID-19 Management: Preliminary Evidence
Elena Campione, Caterina Lanna, Terenzio Cosio, Luigi Rosa, Maria Pia Conte, Federico Iacovelli, Alice Romeo, Mattia Falconi, Claudia Del Vecchio, Elisa Franchin, Maria Stella Lia, Marilena Minieri, Carlo Chiaramonte, Marco Ciotti, Marzia Nuccetelli, Alessandro Terrinoni, Ilaria Iannuzzi, Luca Coppeta, Andrea Magrini, Sergio Bernardini, Stefano Sabatini, Felice Rosapepe, Pier Luigi Bartoletti, Nicola Moricca, Andrea Di Lorenzo, Massimo Andreoni, Loredana Sarmati, Alessandro Miani, Prisco Piscitelli, Ettore Squillaci, Piera Valenti, Luca Bianchi
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, doi:10.3390/ijerph182010985
Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional cationic glycoprotein synthesized by exocrine glands and neutrophils, possesses an in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we conducted an in vivo preliminary study to investigate the antiviral effect of oral and intranasal liposomal bovine Lf (bLf) in asymptomatic and mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. From April 2020 to June 2020, a total of 92 mild-to-moderate (67/92) and asymptomatic (25/92) COVID-19 patients were recruited and divided into three groups. Thirty-two patients (14 hospitalized and 18 in home-based isolation) received only oral and intranasal liposomal bLf; 32 hospitalized patients were treated only with standard of care (SOC) treatment; and 28, in home-based isolation, did not take any medication. Furthermore, 32 COVID-19 negative, untreated, healthy subjects were added for ancillary analysis. Liposomal bLf-treated COVID-19 patients obtained an earlier and significant (p < 0.0001) SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative conversion compared to the SOC-treated and untreated respectively). Liposomal bLf-treated COVID-19 patients showed fast clinical symptoms recovery compared to the SOC-treated COVID-19 patients. In bLf-treated patients, a
Funding: This study was supported by the contribution of "Fondazione Terzo Pilastro Internazionale", president Prof. Emmanuele Francesco Maria Emanuele.
Institutional Review Board Statement: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Tor Vergata University Hospital Ethics Committee (Code 42/20). It was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04475120) (accessed on 2 August 2021). Informed Consent Statement: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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'abstract': '<jats:p>Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional cationic glycoprotein synthesized by exocrine '
'glands and neutrophils, possesses an in vitro antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, we '
'conducted an in vivo preliminary study to investigate the antiviral effect of oral and '
'intranasal liposomal bovine Lf (bLf) in asymptomatic and mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. '
'From April 2020 to June 2020, a total of 92 mild-to-moderate (67/92) and asymptomatic (25/92) '
'COVID-19 patients were recruited and divided into three groups. Thirty-two patients (14 '
'hospitalized and 18 in home-based isolation) received only oral and intranasal liposomal bLf; '
'32 hospitalized patients were treated only with standard of care (SOC) treatment; and 28, in '
'home-based isolation, did not take any medication. Furthermore, 32 COVID-19 negative, '
'untreated, healthy subjects were added for ancillary analysis. Liposomal bLf-treated COVID-19 '
'patients obtained an earlier and significant (p < 0.0001) SARS-CoV-2 RNA negative '
'conversion compared to the SOC-treated and untreated COVID-19 patients (14.25 vs. 27.13 vs. '
'32.61 days, respectively). Liposomal bLf-treated COVID-19 patients showed fast clinical '
'symptoms recovery compared to the SOC-treated COVID-19 patients. In bLf-treated patients, a '
'significant decrease in serum ferritin, IL-6, and D-dimers levels was observed. No adverse '
'events were reported. These observations led us to speculate a potential role of bLf in the '
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