Nebulized Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment: 80x Improvement in Breathing

Zelenko, Z., Preprint, Jan 2021

HCQ for COVID-19

1st treatment shown to reduce risk in March 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 423 studies, used in 59 countries.

Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, progression, recovery, cases, and viral clearance.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.

6,500+ studies for 210+ treatments. c19early.org

Meta-analysis

Report on the use of nebulized HCQ showing much more rapid improvement compared to tablets, with 95% of patients experiencing improved breathing within 1 hour. Author notes that the effectiveness of HCQ is time and dose dependent, with a primary issue being the time it takes for a therapeutic dosage to reach the lungs, and that treatment with tablets may take an average of 80 hours to achieve significant clinical improvement.

Author notes that it may take 3-7 days to achieve optimal alveolar concentrations with tablets, whereas nebulized HCQ administered as microdroplets directly to the lungs achieves optimal alveolar concentration in approximately one hour and is associated with faster clinical improvement, reduction in pulmonary complications, and a reduction in medical costs.

5 studies investigate novel formulations of HCQ for improved efficacy1-5

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1. Alsmadi et al., The In Vitro, In Vivo, and PBPK Evaluation of a Novel Lung-Targeted Cardiac-Safe Hydroxychloroquine Inhalation Aerogel, AAPS PharmSciTech, doi:10.1208/s12249-023-02627-3.springer.com, doi.org.

2. Faísca et al., Enhanced In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Hydroxychloroquine Ionic Liquids against SARS-CoV-2, Pharmaceutics, doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14040877.mdpi.com, doi.org.

3. Zelenko, Z., Nebulized Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Treatment: 80x Improvement in Breathing, Preprint, faculty.utrgv.edu/eleftherios.gkioulekas/zelenko/Zelenko-nebulized-hcq.pdfutrgv.edu.

4. Kavanagh et al., Inhaled hydroxychloroquine to improve efficacy and reduce harm in the treatment of COVID-19, Med. Hypotheses, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110110.nih.gov, doi.org.

5. Klimke et al., Hydroxychloroquine as an aerosol might markedly reduce and even prevent severe clinical symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, Med. Hypotheses, doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109783.nih.gov, doi.org.

Zelenko et al., 24 Jan 2021, preprint, 1 author.