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Outcomes in COVID-19 spirulina studies

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All studies   Exclusions   Mortality   ICU   Hospitalization   Serious outcomes   Recovery   RCTs   RCT mortality   Peer-reviewed   All outcomes  
0 0.5 1 1.5+ All studies 51% 3 1,351 Improvement, Studies, Patients Relative Risk Mortality 51% 3 1,351 ICU admission 26% 1 87 Hospitalization 20% 2 1,213 Recovery 54% 2 203 RCTs 51% 3 1,351 RCT mortality 51% 3 1,351 Early 2% 1 1,126 Late 59% 2 225 Spirulina for COVID-19 c19early.org November 2024 Favorsspirulina Favorscontrol
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] death 1/569 1/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 2% lower risk Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] death 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shadnoush (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.55-1.89] death 68 (n) 58 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 1.66, I​2​ = 90.6%, p = 0.36 Late treatment 59% 0.41 [0.06-2.68] 115 (n) 110 (n) 59% lower risk All studies 51% 0.49 [0.10-2.25] 1/684 1/667 51% lower risk 3 spirulina COVID-19 studies c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 1.33, I​2​ = 81.4%, p = 0.36 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] death 1/569 1/557 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 2% lower risk Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] death 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.00017 Late treatment 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] 47 (n) 52 (n) 85% lower risk All studies 76% 0.24 [0.05-1.17] 1/616 1/609 76% lower risk 2 spirulina COVID-19 studies after exclusions c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 0.61, I​2​ = 35.4%, p = 0.077 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 2% lower risk Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shadnoush (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.55-1.89] 68 (n) 58 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 1.66, I​2​ = 90.6%, p = 0.36 Late treatment 59% 0.41 [0.06-2.68] 115 (n) 110 (n) 59% lower risk All studies 51% 0.49 [0.10-2.25] 1/684 1/667 51% lower risk 3 spirulina COVID-19 mortality results c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 1.33, I​2​ = 81.4%, p = 0.36 Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Shadnoush (DB RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.60-0.92] 46 (n) 41 (n) ICU patients Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.007 Late treatment 26% 0.74 [0.60-0.92] 46 (n) 41 (n) 26% lower risk All studies 26% 0.74 [0.60-0.92] 46 (n) 41 (n) 26% lower risk 1 spirulina COVID-19 ICU result c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.007 Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) -58% 1.58 [0.25-11.8] hosp. 3/569 2/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.63 Early treatment -58% 1.58 [0.25-11.8] 3/569 2/557 58% higher risk Shadnoush (DB RCT) 20% 0.80 [0.69-0.91] hosp. time 46 (n) 41 (n) ICU patients Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.00099 Late treatment 20% 0.80 [0.69-0.91] 46 (n) 41 (n) 20% lower risk All studies 20% 0.80 [0.70-0.91] 3/615 2/598 20% lower risk 2 spirulina COVID-19 hospitalization results c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.0012 Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] death 1/569 1/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 2% lower risk Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] death 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shadnoush (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.55-1.89] death 68 (n) 58 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 1.66, I​2​ = 90.6%, p = 0.36 Late treatment 59% 0.41 [0.06-2.68] 115 (n) 110 (n) 59% lower risk All studies 51% 0.49 [0.10-2.25] 1/684 1/667 51% lower risk 3 spirulina COVID-19 serious outcomes c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 1.33, I​2​ = 81.4%, p = 0.36 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Aghasadeghi (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.10-0.61] no disch. 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shadnoush (DB RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.46-1.17] no recov. 53 (n) 51 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 0.47, I​2​ = 77.5%, p = 0.15 Late treatment 54% 0.46 [0.16-1.33] 100 (n) 103 (n) 54% lower risk All studies 54% 0.46 [0.16-1.33] 100 (n) 103 (n) 54% lower risk 2 spirulina COVID-19 recovery results c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 0.47, I​2​ = 77.5%, p = 0.15 Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] death 1/569 1/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 2% lower risk Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] death 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shadnoush (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.55-1.89] death 68 (n) 58 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 1.66, I​2​ = 90.6%, p = 0.36 Late treatment 59% 0.41 [0.06-2.68] 115 (n) 110 (n) 59% lower risk All studies 51% 0.49 [0.10-2.25] 1/684 1/667 51% lower risk 3 spirulina COVID-19 Randomized Controlled Trials c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 1.33, I​2​ = 81.4%, p = 0.36 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 2% lower risk Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shadnoush (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.55-1.89] 68 (n) 58 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 1.66, I​2​ = 90.6%, p = 0.36 Late treatment 59% 0.41 [0.06-2.68] 115 (n) 110 (n) 59% lower risk All studies 51% 0.49 [0.10-2.25] 1/684 1/667 51% lower risk 3 spirulina COVID-19 RCT mortality results c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 1.33, I​2​ = 81.4%, p = 0.36 Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] death 1/569 1/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Tau​2​ = 0.00, I​2​ = 0.0%, p = 0.99 Early treatment 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] 1/569 1/557 2% lower risk Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] death 47 (n) 52 (n) Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Shadnoush (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.55-1.89] death 68 (n) 58 (n) ICU patients Tau​2​ = 1.66, I​2​ = 90.6%, p = 0.36 Late treatment 59% 0.41 [0.06-2.68] 115 (n) 110 (n) 59% lower risk All studies 51% 0.49 [0.10-2.25] 1/684 1/667 51% lower risk 3 spirulina COVID-19 peer reviewed studies c19early.org November 2024 Tau​2​ = 1.33, I​2​ = 81.4%, p = 0.36 Effect extraction pre-specified(most serious outcome) Favors spirulina Favors control 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Reis (RCT) 2% 0.98 [0.06-15.6] death 1/569 1/557 low dose, data anomaly Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Reis (RCT) -58% 1.58 [0.25-11.8] hosp. 3/569 2/557 low dose, data anomaly Reis (RCT) -67% 1.67 [0.40-7.72] hosp. 4/569 3/557 low dose, data anomaly Reis (RCT) -21% 1.21 [0.85-1.73] progression 63/567 50/557 low dose, data anomaly Reis (RCT) -19% 1.19 [0.82-1.71] progression 58/569 47/557 low dose, data anomaly Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.06-0.40] death 47 (n) 52 (n) Aghasadeghi (RCT) 87% 0.13 [0.02-0.97] death 0/44 4/46 Aghasadeghi (RCT) 84% 0.16 [0.05-0.48] death 0/47 15/52 Aghasadeghi (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.10-0.61] no disch. 47 (n) 52 (n) Aghasadeghi (RCT) 85% 0.15 [0.08-0.28] no disch. 0/44 4/46 Aghasadeghi (RCT) 61% 0.39 [0.23-0.66] no disch. 0/47 37/52 Shadnoush (DB RCT) -3% 1.03 [0.55-1.89] death 68 (n) 58 (n) ICU patients Shadnoush (DB RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.60-0.92] ICU 46 (n) 41 (n) ICU patients Shadnoush (DB RCT) 17% 0.83 [0.44-1.55] oxygen 13/46 14/41 ICU patients Shadnoush (DB RCT) 20% 0.80 [0.69-0.91] hosp. time 46 (n) 41 (n) ICU patients Shadnoush (DB RCT) 26% 0.74 [0.46-1.17] no recov. 53 (n) 51 (n) ICU patients Shadnoush (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.57-1.81] no recov. 53 (n) 51 (n) ICU patients Shadnoush (DB RCT) 11% 0.89 [0.58-1.37] no recov. 53 (n) 51 (n) ICU patients Shadnoush (DB RCT) 23% 0.77 [0.44-1.36] no recov. 53 (n) 51 (n) ICU patients Spirulina COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org November 2024 Favors spirulina Favors control
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. c19early involves the extraction of 100,000+ datapoints from thousands of papers. Community updates help ensure high accuracy. Treatments and other interventions are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
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