Antiseptics as effective virucidal agents against SARS-CoV-2: Systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis
Noelia Seijas-Otero, Triana Blanco-Pintos, Alba Regueira-Iglesias, Berta Suárez-Rodríguez, Alba Sánchez-Barco, Carlos Balsa-Castro, Inmaculada Tomás
Japanese Dental Science Review, doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2025.05.001
This study represents the first Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA), which aimed to determine the virucidal efficacy of oral and nasal antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 in saliva. Eligible studies evaluated the antiseptics' effect on viral load in SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. The search was performed in September 2024 through PubMed, World Health Organisation, Embase, Scopus, bioRxiv, and medRxiv. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane RoB-2 checklist. Twenty-six articles and 16 antiseptics were assessed. Bayesian NMA was possible for seven antiseptics, ranked by probability of best option for viral load reduction (SUCRA values): PVP-I (0.85); CPC and CHX (0.72); H 2 O 2 (0.70); CHX (0.64); CPC (0.50); H 2 O 2 and CHX (0.38); and HClO (0.34). Virucidal efficacy at baseline was significant for (viral load reduction): PVP-I (42 %), H 2 O 2 (34 %), and CHX (31 %). Compared to the control group, PVP-I remained significant (34 %), whereas H 2 O 2 and CHX approached significance (26 % and 22 %, respectively). In conclusion, a single application of PVP-I, H 2 O 2 or CHX are the best options for reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva, which can be particularly relevant in highrisk settings. However, methodologically well-designed studies using more appropriate quantification techniques are needed to clarify better the clinical efficacy of antiseptics against SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses.
Authors' contributions I. Tomás contributed to the conception and design of the study; N. Seijas-Otero and T. Blanco-Pintos performed the literature search, selecting the articles of interest and extracting the relevant information; B. Suárez-Rodriguez and A. Sánchez-Barco performed the analysis of the methodological quality of the studies; C. Balsa-Castro performed the computerised literature search procedure and the network metaanalysis; N. Seijas-Otero, A. Regueira-Iglesias and C. Balsa-Castro made the graphs, tables and additional files; N. Seijas-Otero, T. Blanco-Pintos, A. Regueira-Iglesias and I. Tomás drafted the manuscript; B. Suárez-Rodríguez and A. Sánchez-Barco carried out a critical revision of the manuscript with the contribution of comments for improvement. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
Conflict of interests The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Appendix A. Supporting information Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2025.05.001.
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