Supplementary Data — Propolis for COVID-19: real-time meta-analysis of 3 studies

@CovidAnalysis, October 2026, Version 3V3 (V1 2024)

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October 2026

Propolis COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Silveira (RCT)62%0.38 · 0.11–1.31ventilation3/418/41BeeCovid Silveira (RCT)73%0.27 · 0.06–1.19ventilation2/388/41BeeCovid Silveira (RCT)24%0.76 · 0.27–2.15ICU5/246/22BeeCovid Silveira (RCT)93%0.07 · 0.00–1.17ICU0/276/22BeeCovid Silveira (RCT)35%0.65 · 0.50–0.85hosp. time42 (n)42 (n)BeeCovid Silveira (RCT)25%0.75 · 0.57–1.00hosp. time40 (n)42 (n)BeeCovid Silveira (DB RCT)22%0.78 · 0.34–1.66ventilation10/9812/90BeeCovid2 Silveira (DB RCT)11%0.89 · 0.52–1.41ICU23/9724/89BeeCovid2 Silveira (DB RCT)16%0.84 · 0.64–1.09hosp. time98 (n)90 (n)BeeCovid2 Silveira (DB RCT)68%0.32 · 0.12–0.80misc.6/9817/90BeeCovid2 Silveira (DB RCT)25%0.75 · 0.36–1.43misc.13/9816/90BeeCovid2 Kosari (DB RCT)86%0.14 · 0.01–2.72death0/703/70CT¹ Kosari (DB RCT)86%0.14 · 0.02–1.13ICU1/707/70CT¹ Kosari (DB RCT)64%0.36 · 0.17–0.76no recov.8/7022/70CT¹

00.511.52+

¹ CT: study uses combined treatment

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← Propolis
reduces riskPropolis
increases risk →

Fig. S1. All outcomes.