Correlation between UV Index, Temperature and Humidity with Respect to Incidence and Severity of COVID 19 in Spain

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.3390/ijerph20031973", "ISSN": [ "1660-4601" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031973", "abstract": "<jats:p>Background: Various studies support the inverse correlation between solar exposure and Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection. In Spain, from the Canary Islands to the northern part of the country, the global incidence of COVID-19 is different depending on latitude, which could be related to different meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity, and ultraviolet index (UVI). The objective of the present work was to analyze the association between UVI, other relevant environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, and the incidence, severity, and mortality of COVID-19 at different latitudes in Spain. Methods: An observational prospective study was conducted, recording the numbers of new cases, hospitalizations, patients in critical units, mortality rates, and annual variations related to UVI, temperature, and humidity in five different provinces of Spain from January 2020 to February 2021. Results: Statistically significant inverse correlations (Spearman coefficients) were observed between UVI, temperature, annual changes, and the incidence of COVID-19 cases at almost all latitudes. Conclusion: Higher ultraviolet radiation levels and mean temperatures could contribute to reducing COVID-19 incidence, hospitalizations, and mortality.</jats:p>", "alternative-id": [ "ijerph20031973" ], "author": [ { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Internal Medicine, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain" } ], "family": "Pérez-Gilaberte", "given": "Juan Blas", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [ { "name": "Medical School, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain" } ], "family": "Martín-Iranzo", "given": "Natalia", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1911-111X", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Campus Universitario de Teatinos S/N, 29071 Málaga, Spain" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Aguilera", "given": "José", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-401X", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Almenara-Blasco", "given": "Manuel", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5863-495X", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Photobiological Dermatology Laboratory Medical Research Center, Department of Dermatology and Medicine, School of Medicine, Campus Universitario de Teatinos S/N, 29071 Málaga, Spain" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "de Gálvez", "given": "María Victoria", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-3617", "affiliation": [ { "name": "Department of Dermatology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, IIS Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain" } ], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Gilaberte", "given": "Yolanda", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health", "container-title-short": "IJERPH", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 23 ] ], "date-time": "2023-01-23T07:01:02Z", "timestamp": 1674457262000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 30 ] ], "date-time": "2023-01-30T09:48:25Z", "timestamp": 1675072105000 }, "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 31 ] ], "date-time": "2023-01-31T06:20:00Z", "timestamp": 1675146000393 }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issue": "3", "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 20 ] ] }, "journal-issue": { "issue": "3", "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 2 ] ] } }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "content-version": "vor", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 20 ] ], "date-time": "2023-01-20T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1674172800000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/3/1973/pdf", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "1968", "original-title": [], "page": "1973", "prefix": "10.3390", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 20 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2023, 1, 20 ] ] }, "publisher": "MDPI AG", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1056/NEJMoa2001316", "article-title": "Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia", "author": "Li", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "first-page": "1199", "journal-title": "N. 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