Protective Effects of Astodrimer Sodium 1% Nasal Spray Formulation against SARS-CoV-2 Nasal Challenge in K18-hACE2 Mice
Jeremy R A Paull, Carolyn A Luscombe, Alex Castellarnau, Graham P Heery, Michael D Bobardt, Philippe A Gallay
Viruses, doi:10.3390/v13081656
Strategies to combat COVID-19 require multiple ways to protect vulnerable people from infection. SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne pathogen and the nasal cavity is a primary target of infection. The K18-hACE2 mouse model was used to investigate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of astodrimer sodium formulated in a mucoadhesive nasal spray. Animals received astodrimer sodium 1% nasal spray or PBS intranasally, or intranasally and intratracheally, for 7 days, and they were infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 after the first product administration on Day 0. Another group was infected intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 that had been pre-incubated with astodrimer sodium 1% nasal spray or PBS for 60 min before the neutralisation of test product activity. Astodrimer sodium 1% significantly reduced the viral genome copies (>99.9%) and the infectious virus (~95%) in the lung and trachea vs. PBS. The pre-incubation of SARS-CoV-2 with astodrimer sodium 1% resulted in a significant reduction in the viral genome copies (>99.9%) and the infectious virus (>99%) in the lung and trachea, and the infectious virus was not detected in the brain or liver. Astodrimer sodium 1% resulted in a significant reduction of viral genome copies in nasal secretions vs. PBS on Day 7 post-infection. A reduction in the viral shedding from the nasal cavity may result in lower virus transmission rates. Viraemia was low or undetectable in animals treated with astodrimer sodium 1% or infected with treated virus, correlating with the lack of detectable viral replication in the liver. Similarly, low virus replication in the nasal cavity after treatment with astodrimer sodium 1% potentially protected the brain from infection. Astodrimer sodium 1% significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα and TGFβ and the chemokine MCP-1 in the serum, lung and trachea vs. PBS. Astodrimer sodium 1% nasal spray blocked or reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication and its sequelae in K18-hACE2 mice. These data indicate a potential role for the product in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or for reducing the severity of COVID-19.
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'infection. SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne pathogen and the nasal cavity is a primary target of '
'infection. The K18-hACE2 mouse model was used to investigate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy of '
'astodrimer sodium formulated in a mucoadhesive nasal spray. Animals received astodrimer '
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'product activity. Astodrimer sodium 1% significantly reduced the viral genome copies '
'(>99.9%) and the infectious virus (~95%) in the lung and trachea vs. PBS. The '
'pre-incubation of SARS-CoV-2 with astodrimer sodium 1% resulted in a significant reduction in '
'the viral genome copies (>99.9%) and the infectious virus (>99%) in the lung and '
'trachea, and the infectious virus was not detected in the brain or liver. Astodrimer sodium '
'1% resulted in a significant reduction of viral genome copies in nasal secretions vs. PBS on '
'Day 7 post-infection. A reduction in the viral shedding from the nasal cavity may result in '
'lower virus transmission rates. Viraemia was low or undetectable in animals treated with '
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'viral replication in the liver. Similarly, low virus replication in the nasal cavity after '
'treatment with astodrimer sodium 1% potentially protected the brain from infection. '
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'sodium 1% nasal spray blocked or reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication and its sequelae in K18-hACE2 '
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