The enhanced bioavailability of free curcumin and bioactive-metabolite tetrahydrocurcumin from a dispersible, oleoresin-based turmeric formulation
Sanjib Kumar Panda, PhD Somashekara Nirvanashetty, MD, DNB b M Missamma, ND Shavon Jackson-Michel
Medicine, doi:10.1097/md.0000000000026601
Background: Curcuminoids have been widely studied for human health and disease applications, yet bioavailability remains a hurdle to actualizing all the benefits ascribed to them. The lack of standardization in analysis method, confusion about what constitutes an ideal analyte, and conflicting thoughts around dosing strategies have made it difficult to draw parity between bioavailability and bioactivity and establish a baseline for formulation comparisons. Methods: This randomized double-blinded, 2-way cross over, single oral dose, comparative bioavailability study differentially evaluates curcumin at the time of its absorption and along various biotransformation pathways, to include free curcumin, the readily usable form of curcumin; individual and composite totals of curcumin and its analogues as exogenously cleaved conjugates, for example, total curcumin, total demethoxycurcumin (DMC), total bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), and total curcuminoids respectively; and the bioactive metabolite of curcumin, total tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). As a primary study objective, the relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN, a novel dispersible, 50% curcuminoids-concentrated turmeric extract was compared to the standard curcumin reference product, curcuminoids 95% standardized extract (C-95), using the maximum concentration (C max ), and area under the curve (AUC 0-t ) of free curcumin, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC and the curcumin active metabolite, as total THC.
Results: The evaluation of free curcumin demonstrated that the C max and AUC 0-t of the CURCUGEN was 16.1 times and 39 times higher than the C max and AUC 0-t of C-95. Furthermore, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC, and total curcuminoids resulted in AUC 0-t of the CURCUGEN at 49.5-, 43.5-, 46.8-, and 52.5-fold higher than C-95, respectively. The relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN for total THC was found to be 31 times higher when compared to C-95.
Conclusion: As the first human pharmacokinetics study to apply best-practice recommendations and pharmaceutically-aligned guidance in the comprehensive evaluation of a novel curcuminoids formulation, we have established the novelty of said formulation while better standardizing for the common variances and discrepancies between curcuminoids and their derivatives in the literature and commercial marketing, alike. Abbreviations: AUC = area under the curve, BDMC = bisdemethoxycurcumin, C-95 = curcuminoids 95% standardized extract, C max = maximum concentration, DMC = demethoxycurcumin, THC = tetrahydrocurcumin, T max = time to maximum serum concentration.
Author contributions Conceptualization: Sanjib Kumar Panda
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'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Background:</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>Curcuminoids have been widely studied for human health and disease '
'applications, yet bioavailability remains a hurdle to actualizing all the benefits ascribed '
'to them. The lack of standardization in analysis method, confusion about what constitutes an '
'ideal analyte, and conflicting thoughts around dosing strategies have made it difficult to '
'draw parity between bioavailability and bioactivity and establish a baseline for formulation '
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' </jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>This randomized double-blinded, 2-way cross over, single oral dose, '
'comparative bioavailability study differentially evaluates curcumin at the time of its '
'absorption and along various biotransformation pathways, to include free curcumin, the '
'readily usable form of curcumin; individual and composite totals of curcumin and its '
'analogues as exogenously cleaved conjugates, for example, total curcumin, total '
'demethoxycurcumin (DMC), total bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), and total curcuminoids '
'respectively; and the bioactive metabolite of curcumin, total tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). As a '
'primary study objective, the relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN, a novel dispersible, 50% '
'curcuminoids-concentrated turmeric extract was compared to the standard curcumin reference '
'product, curcuminoids 95% standardized extract (C-95), using the maximum concentration '
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' <jats:sub>max</jats:sub>), and area under the curve '
'(AUC<jats:sub>0-t</jats:sub>) of free curcumin, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC and the '
'curcumin active metabolite, as total THC.</jats:p>\n'
' </jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>The evaluation of free curcumin demonstrated that the <jats:italic '
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'toggle="yes">C</jats:italic>\n'
' <jats:sub>max</jats:sub> and AUC<jats:sub>0-t</jats:sub> of '
'C-95. Furthermore, total curcumin, total DMC, total BDMC, and total curcuminoids resulted in '
'AUC<jats:sub>0-t</jats:sub> of the CURCUGEN at 49.5-, 43.5-, 46.8-, and 52.5-fold higher than '
'C-95, respectively. The relative bioavailability of CURCUGEN for total THC was found to be 31 '
'times higher when compared to C-95.</jats:p>\n'
' </jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:sec>\n'
' <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title>\n'
' <jats:p>As the first human pharmacokinetics study to apply best-practice '
'recommendations and pharmaceutically-aligned guidance in the comprehensive evaluation of a '
'novel curcuminoids formulation, we have established the novelty of said formulation while '
'better standardizing for the common variances and discrepancies between curcuminoids and '
'their derivatives in the literature and commercial marketing, alike.</jats:p>\n'
' </jats:sec>',
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