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All Studies   Meta Analysis       

Seroconversion and outcomes after initial and booster COVID‐19 vaccination in adults with hematologic malignancies

Ollila et al., Cancer, doi:10.1002/cncr.34354
Jul 2022  
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Mortality 76% Improvement Relative Risk Case 90% Tixagevimab/c..  Ollila et al.  Prophylaxis Is prophylaxis with tixagevimab/cilgavimab beneficial for COVID-19? Retrospective 37 patients in the USA (February 2021 - February 2022) Fewer cases with tixagevimab/cilgavimab (p=0.028) c19early.org Ollila et al., Cancer, July 2022 Favorstixagevimab/ci.. Favorscontrol 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+
38th treatment shown to reduce risk in May 2022, now with p = 0.000029 from 17 studies, recognized in 31 countries. Efficacy is variant dependent.
Lower risk for mortality, hospitalization, and cases.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine treatments.
5,100+ studies for 110 treatments. c19early.org
Retrospective 378 patients with hematologic malignancies analyzing seroconversion and outcomes post-vaccination. Among 25 seronegative patients after booster vaccination who received tixagevimab/cilgavimab prophylaxis, no COVID-19 infections occurred, whereas 3 infections and 1 death occurred among 12 comparable patients not receiving prophylaxis.
Efficacy is variant dependent. In Vitro research suggests a lack of efficacy for omicron BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, BQ.1.11, BA.5, BA.2.75, XBB2,3, XBB.1.53, ХВВ.1.9.13, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5.24, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.9, BQ.1.1.45, CL.1, and CH.1.14.
risk of death, 75.5% lower, RR 0.24, p = 0.32, treatment 0 of 25 (0.0%), control 1 of 12 (8.3%), NNT 12, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
risk of case, 90.2% lower, RR 0.10, p = 0.03, treatment 0 of 25 (0.0%), control 3 of 12 (25.0%), NNT 4.0, relative risk is not 0 because of continuity correction due to zero events (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm).
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Ollila et al., 11 Jul 2022, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, 13 authors, study period February 2021 - February 2022. Contact: thomas_ollila@brown.edu.
This PaperTixagev../c..All
Seroconversion and outcomes after initial and booster COVID‐19 vaccination in adults with hematologic malignancies
MD Thomas A Ollila, MD Rebecca H Masel, MD John L Reagan, MD, PhD Shaolei Lu, Ralph D Rogers, BS, MT, ASCP Kimberly J Paiva, MPH, PA-C Rashida Taher, Ella Burguera‐couce, Adam S Zayac, NP Inna Yakirevich, MD Rabin Niroula, MD Peter Barth, MD Adam J Olszewski
Cancer, doi:10.1002/cncr.34354
BACKGROUND: Patients with hematologic malignancies have impaired humoral immunity secondary to their malignancy and its treatment, placing them at risk of severe coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection and reduced response to vaccination. METHODS: The authors retrospectively analyzed serologic responses to initial and booster COVID-19 vaccination in 378 patients with hematologic malignancy and subsequently tracked COVID-19-related outcomes. RESULTS: Seroconversion occurred in 181 patients (48%) after initial vaccination; patients who had active malignancy or those who were recently treated with a B-cell-depleting monoclonal antibody had the lowest rates of seroconversion. For initial nonresponders to vaccination, seroconversion after a booster dose occurred in 48 of 85 patients (56%). The seroconversion rate after the booster was similar for patients on (53%) and off (58%) active therapy (p = .82). Thirty-three patients (8.8%) developed a COVID-19 infection, and there were three COVID-19-related deaths (0.8%). Although no significant association was observed between postvaccination seroconversion and the incidence of COVID-19 infection, no patient with seroconversion died from COVID-19, and no patient who received tixagevimab/cilgavimab (N = 25) was diagnosed with a COVID-19 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Booster vaccinations can promote seroconversion in a significant proportion of patients who are seronegative after the initial vaccination course regardless of the specific vaccine or on/off treatment status at the time of revaccination. Although postvaccination seroconversion may not be associated with a decrease in any (including asymptomatic) COVID-19 infection, the authors' experience suggested that effective vaccination (including a booster), supplemented by passive immunization using tixagevimab/cilgavimab in case of lack of seroconversion, effectively eliminated the risk of COVID-19 death in the otherwise high-risk population.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST Thomas A. Ollila reports a grant from the Rhode Island Foundation outside the submitted work. Peter Barth reports personal fees from Celgene and advisory board service at AbbVie, Janssen, and Sanofi-Aventis outside the submitted work. Adam J. Olszewski reports research funding from Genentech, TG Therapeutics, Celldex Pharmaceuticals, and Precision Bio; and grants from Acrotech Pharma, Adaptive Biotechnologies outside the submitted work. The remaining authors made no disclosures.
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{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 5]], 'date-time': '2024-01-05T12:59:49Z', 'timestamp': 1704459589958}, 'reference-count': 30, 'publisher': 'Wiley', 'issue': '18', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 7, 11]], 'date-time': '2022-07-11T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1657497600000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': True}, 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2022, 9, 15]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Patients with hematologic malignancies ' 'have impaired humoral immunity secondary to their malignancy and its treatment, placing them ' 'at risk of severe coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) infection and reduced response to ' 'vaccination.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The authors ' 'retrospectively analyzed serologic responses to initial and booster COVID‐19 vaccination in ' '378 patients with hematologic malignancy and subsequently tracked COVID‐19–related ' 'outcomes.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Seroconversion ' 'occurred in 181 patients (48%) after initial vaccination; patients who had active malignancy ' 'or those who were recently treated with a B‐cell–depleting monoclonal antibody had the lowest ' 'rates of seroconversion. For initial nonresponders to vaccination, seroconversion after a ' 'booster dose occurred in 48 of 85 patients (56%). The seroconversion rate after the booster ' 'was similar for patients on (53%) and off (58%) active therapy ' '(<jats:italic>p</jats:italic>\xa0=\xa0.82). Thirty‐three patients (8.8%) developed a COVID‐19 ' 'infection, and there were three COVID‐19–related deaths (0.8%). Although no significant ' 'association was observed between postvaccination seroconversion and the incidence of COVID‐19 ' 'infection, no patient with seroconversion died from COVID‐19, and no patient who received ' 'tixagevimab/cilgavimab (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic>\xa0=\xa025) was diagnosed with a ' 'COVID‐19 ' 'infection.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title><jats:p>Booster ' 'vaccinations can promote seroconversion in a significant proportion of patients who are ' 'seronegative after the initial vaccination course regardless of the specific vaccine or ' 'on/off treatment status at the time of revaccination. Although postvaccination seroconversion ' 'may not be associated with a decrease in any (including asymptomatic) COVID‐19 infection, the ' "authors' experience suggested that effective vaccination (including a booster), supplemented " 'by passive immunization using tixagevimab/cilgavimab in case of lack of seroconversion, ' 'effectively eliminated the risk of COVID‐19 death in the otherwise high‐risk ' 'population.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay summary</jats:title><jats:p>\n' '<jats:list list-type="bullet">\n' '\n' '<jats:list-item><jats:p>Patients with hematologic malignancy, especially lymphoma, have an ' 'impaired response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) ' 'vaccination.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n' '\n' '<jats:list-item><jats:p>In this single‐institution review, less than one half of the patients ' 'studied made detectable antibodies.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n' '\n' '<jats:list-item><jats:p>For those who did not make detectable antibodies after initial ' 'vaccination, over one half (65%) were able to produce antibodies after booster ' 'vaccination.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n' '\n' '<jats:list-item><jats:p>By the end of February 2022, 33 of the original 378 patients had a ' 'documented COVID‐19 infection.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n' '\n' '<jats:list-item><jats:p>The only deaths from COVID‐19 were in those who had undetectable ' 'antibodies, and no patient who received prophylactic antibody therapy developed a COVID‐19 ' 'infection.</jats:p></jats:list-item>\n' '</jats:list>\n' '</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1002/cncr.34354', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2022, 7, 11]], 'date-time': '2022-07-11T07:01:12Z', 'timestamp': 1657522872000}, 'page': '3319-3329', 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 24, 'title': 'Seroconversion and outcomes after initial and booster <scp>COVID</scp>‐19 vaccination in adults ' 'with hematologic malignancies', 'prefix': '10.1002', 'volume': '128', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0102-6491', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Thomas A.', 'family': 'Ollila', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine Alpert Medical School of Brown ' 'University Providence Rhode Island USA'}, { 'name': 'Division of Hematology‐Oncology Rhode Island Hospital ' 'Providence Rhode Island USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Rebecca H.', 'family': 'Masel', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine Alpert Medical School of Brown ' 'University Providence Rhode Island USA'}]}, { 'given': 'John L.', 'family': 'Reagan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine Alpert Medical School of Brown ' 'University Providence Rhode Island USA'}, { 'name': 'Division of Hematology‐Oncology Rhode Island Hospital ' 'Providence Rhode Island USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Shaolei', 'family': 'Lu', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 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{ 'name': 'Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence ' 'Rhode Island USA'}]}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-2069', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Adam S.', 'family': 'Zayac', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine Alpert Medical School of Brown ' 'University Providence Rhode Island USA'}, { 'name': 'Division of Hematology‐Oncology Rhode Island Hospital ' 'Providence Rhode Island USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Inna', 'family': 'Yakirevich', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Division of Hematology‐Oncology Rhode Island Hospital ' 'Providence Rhode Island USA'}]}, { 'given': 'Rabin', 'family': 'Niroula', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': [ { 'name': 'Department of Medicine Alpert Medical School of Brown ' 'University Providence Rhode Island USA'}, { 'name': 'Division of Hematology‐Oncology Rhode Island Hospital ' 'Providence Rhode Island USA'}]}, { 'ORCID': 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