Efficacy and safety of intramuscular administration of tixagevimab–cilgavimab for early outpatient treatment of COVID-19 (TACKLE): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
et al., The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00180-1, TACKLE, NCT04723394, Jun 2022
41st treatment shown to reduce risk in
May 2022, now with p = 0.0066 from 19 studies, recognized in 33 countries.
Efficacy is variant dependent.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols
combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for
210+ treatments. c19early.org
|
RCT 910 outpatients in the USA, 456 treated with tixagevimab/cilgavimab, showing significantly lower severe cases and hospitalization with treatment, but no difference in mortality.
Efficacy is variant dependent. In Vitro research suggests a lack of efficacy for omicron BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, BQ.1.11, BA.5, BA.2.75, XBB2,3, XBB.1.53, ХВВ.1.9.13, XBB.1.9.3, XBB.1.5.24, XBB.1.16, XBB.2.9, BQ.1.1.45, CL.1, and CH.1.14.
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country,
the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments5.
Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved for early treatment. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of early treatment due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.
|
risk of death, 0.2% lower, RR 1.00, p = 1.00, treatment 6 of 452 (1.3%), control 6 of 451 (1.3%), NNT 33975, all cause mortality.
|
|
risk of death, 50.1% lower, RR 0.50, p = 0.34, treatment 3 of 452 (0.7%), control 6 of 451 (1.3%), NNT 150, COVID-19 mortality.
|
|
risk of severe case, 50.4% lower, RR 0.50, p = 0.010, treatment 18 of 407 (4.4%), control 37 of 415 (8.9%), NNT 22, primary outcome.
|
|
risk of hospitalization, 56.7% lower, RR 0.43, p = 0.002, treatment 17 of 413 (4.1%), control 40 of 421 (9.5%), NNT 19.
|
| Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates |
1.
Planas et al., Resistance of Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6 and BQ.1.1 to neutralizing antibodies, bioRxiv, doi:10.1101/2022.11.17.516888.
2.
Haars et al., Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Sublineages and Spike Protein Mutations Conferring Resistance against Monoclonal Antibodies in a Swedish Cohort during 2022–2023, Microorganisms, doi:10.3390/microorganisms11102417.
3.
Uraki et al., Antiviral efficacy against and replicative fitness of an XBB.1.9.1 clinical isolate, iScience, doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.108147.
Montgomery et al., 7 Jun 2022, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, peer-reviewed, mean age 46.0, 20 authors, study period 28 January, 2021 - 22 July, 2021, trial NCT04723394 (history) (TACKLE).
Contact: mark.esser@astrazeneca.com.
Efficacy and safety of intramuscular administration of tixagevimab–cilgavimab for early outpatient treatment of COVID-19 (TACKLE): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00180-1
Background Early intramuscular administration of SARS-CoV-2-neutralising monoclonal antibody combination, tixagevimab-cilgavimab, to non-hospitalised adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 has potential to prevent disease progression. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tixagevimab-cilgavimab in preventing progression to severe COVID-19 or death. Methods TACKLE is an ongoing, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at 95 sites in the USA, Latin America, Europe, and Japan. Eligible participants were non-hospitalised adults aged 18 years or older with a laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (determined by RT-PCR or an antigen test) from any respiratory tract specimen collected 3 days or less before enrolment and who had not received a COVID-19 vaccination. A WHO Clinical Progression Scale score from more than 1 to less than 4 was required for inclusion and participants had to receive the study drug 7 days or less from self-reported onset of mild to moderate COVID-19 symptoms or measured fever. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either a single tixagevimab-cilgavimab 600 mg dose (two consecutive 3 mL intramuscular injections, one each of 300 mg tixagevimab and 300 mg cilgavimab) or placebo. Randomisation was stratified (using central blocked randomisation with randomly varying block sizes) by time from symptom onset, and high-risk versus low-risk of progression to severe COVID-19. Participants, investigators, and sponsor staff involved in the treatment or clinical evaluation and monitoring of the participants were masked to treatment-group assignments. The primary endpoints were severe COVID-19 or death from any cause through to day 29, and safety. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04723394.
placebo in the 7 days after symptom onset. The greatest reductions in development of severe COVID-19 or death were observed when tixagevimab-cilgavimab was administered as early as possible after symptom onset, as shown by the RR reductions at 3 days or less (prespecified subgroup), 5 days or less and, at 7 days or less (prespecified subgroup) from symptom onset (figure 2B ). For most participant subgroups, reductions in the risk of developing severe COVID-19 or death with tixagevimab-cilgavimab were consistent with the primary analysis (figure 2C ). Most events were observed in participants at high risk of progression to severe COVID-19 (figure 2C ). Although the number of events was low in participants at low risk of progression to severe COVID-19, a large but not statistically significant RR reduction with tixagevimab-cilgavimab was observed in this group. There was a low proportion of seropositive participants, those aged 75 years or older, and those on corticosteroids at baseline (table 1, figure 2C ) and concomitantly a small number of events in these subgroups, resulting in low RR reductions with wide 95% CIs. There was a significant reduction in respiratory failure in participants in the tixagevimab-cilgavimab group compared with the placebo group (table 2 ). Antidrug antibody data were available in a subset of participants up to 84 days after receiving the study drug. Treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies to tixagevimabcilgavimab occurred in six (5%) of 134..
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