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0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Case 47% Improvement Relative Risk c19early.org/d Hogarth et al. Vitamin D for COVID-19 Sufficiency Are vitamin D levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Retrospective 110,380 patients in the USA (January - November 2021) Fewer cases with higher vitamin D levels (p<0.000001) Hogarth et al., The American J. the Medical Scie.., doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.019 Favors vitamin D Favors control

Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in the University of California Healthcare Systems

Hogarth et al., The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.019
Hogarth et al., Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in the University.., The American Journal of the Medical Sciences, doi:10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.019
May 2023   Source   PDF  
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Retrospective 110,380 patients in the USA, showing higher risk of COVID-19 breakthrough cases with vitamin D deficiency.
Authors note that "lockdown measures pose an increased risk for individuals to develop vitamin D deficiency".
This paper was delayed by peer review >10 months.
This is the 175th COVID-19 sufficiency study for vitamin D, which collectively show higher levels reduce risk with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 18 vigintillion).
risk of case, 46.5% lower, OR 0.53, p < 0.001, high D levels (≥20ng/mL) 96,894, low D levels (<20ng/mL) 13,486, adjusted per study, inverted to make OR<1 favor high D levels (≥20ng/mL), breakthrough case, multivariable, RR approximated with OR.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Hogarth et al., 3 May 2023, retrospective, USA, peer-reviewed, median age 56.0, 9 authors, study period 1 January, 2021 - 8 November, 2021.
Contact: rongkeko@health.ucsd.edu (corresponding author).
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Abstract: Journal Pre-proof Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in the University of California Healthcare Systems Michael Hogarth M.D. , Daniel John , Yuxiang Li , Jessica Wang-Rodriguez M.D. , Jaideep Chakladar B.S., M.S. , Wei Tse Li B.S., M.S. , Sanjay R. Mehta M.D. , Sharad Jain M.D. , Weg M. Ongkeko M.D., Ph.D. PII: DOI: Reference: S0002-9629(23)01166-7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.019 AMJMS 1887 To appear in: The American Journal of the Medical Sciences Received date: Accepted date: 29 June 2022 20 April 2023 Please cite this article as: Michael Hogarth M.D. , Daniel John , Yuxiang Li , Jessica Wang-Rodriguez M.D. , Jaideep Chakladar B.S., M.S. , Wei Tse Li B.S., M.S. , Sanjay R. Mehta M.D. , Sharad Jain M.D. , Weg M. Ongkeko M.D., Ph.D. , Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in the University of California Healthcare Systems, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences (2023), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2023.04.019 This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Southern Society for Clinical Investigation. Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidities associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in the University of California Healthcare Systems Authors: Michael Hogarth, M.D.1 †, Daniel John2,3, †, Yuxiang Li2,3, Jessica Wang-Rodriguez, M.D. 4,5 , Jaideep Chakladar, B.S., M.S. 2,3, Wei Tse Li, B.S., M.S.2,3, Sanjay R. Mehta, M.D.6, Sharad Jain, M.D.7, and Weg M. Ongkeko, M.D., Ph.D.2,3, * Affiliations: 1 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 3 Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA 4 Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 5 Pathology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA 6 Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA 7 The University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA * Correspondence: rongkeko@health.ucsd.edu; Tel.: (858) 552-8585 X 7165 † The first two authors, (MH, DJ) contributed equally. Keywords: COVID-19, breakthroughs, vaccination, comorbidities Abstract Background To evaluate the degree to which clinical comorbidities or combinations of comorbidities are associated with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection. Methods A breakthrough infection was defined as a positive test at least 14 days after a full vaccination regimen. Logistic regression was used to calculate aORs, which were adjusted for age, sex, and race information. Results A total of 110,380 patients from the UC CORDS database were..
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