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16 camostat COVID-19 controlled studies, 13 RCTs
Supplementary Data — Camostat for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 16 studies
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0.75
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2+ Sagent P.. (DB RCT) -152% 2.52 [0.10-61.3] death 1/194 0/101 Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Sagent P.. (DB RCT) 13% 0.87 [0.32-2.32] progression 10/194 6/101 Sagent P.. (DB RCT) 16% 0.84 [0.60-1.18] viral+ 58/194 36/101 COPS-2003 Parsonnet (DB RCT) -392% 4.92 [0.25-97.5] progression 2/25 0/24 COPS-2003 Parsonnet (DB RCT) 35% 0.65 [0.32-1.33] no recov. 25 (n) 24 (n) COPS-2003 Parsonnet (DB RCT) 86% 0.14 [0.01-2.58] misc. 0/25 3/24 COPS-2003 Parsonnet (DB RCT) 41% 0.59 [0.24-1.43] viral+ 25 (n) 24 (n) Chupp (DB RCT) 0% 1.00 [0.07-15.4] hosp. 1/35 1/35 Chupp (DB RCT) 37% 0.63 [0.36-1.09] no recov. 12/35 19/35 SPIKE-1 Dhaliwal (RCT) 14% 0.86 [0.17-4.45] hosp. 2/14 3/18 CANDLE Kinoshita (DB RCT) 67% 0.33 [0.01-8.05] progression 0/74 1/74 CANDLE Kinoshita (DB RCT) 50% 0.50 [0.16-1.59] oxygen 4/74 8/74 CANDLE Kinoshita (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.72-1.42] no recov. 30/53 29/52 CANDLE Kinoshita (DB RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.71-1.67] viral+ 78 (n) 77 (n) Tobback (RCT) -36% 1.36 [0.15-12.6] hosp. 3/66 1/30 Tobback (RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.46-1.87] no recov. 61 (n) 29 (n) Kim (DB RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.70-1.19] no recov. 161 (n) 162 (n) Kim (DB RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.43-1.30] no recov. 109 (n) 104 (n) Kim (DB RCT) 46% 0.54 [0.28-1.03] no recov. 77 (n) 78 (n) Kim (DB RCT) 40% 0.60 [0.26-1.33] no recov. 109 (n) 104 (n) Kim (DB RCT) 58% 0.42 [0.17-1.03] no recov. 77 (n) 78 (n) DAWN Tare (DB RCT) 33% 0.67 [0.22-2.09] no recov. 4/19 5/16 DAWN Tare (DB RCT) 23% 0.77 [0.48-1.24] no recov. 11/19 12/16 Hofmann-Wi.. (ICU) 58% 0.42 [0.05-3.36] death 1/6 2/5 ICU patients OT​1 ​ Sakr (PSM) 69% 0.31 [0.15-0.60] death 6/61 18/61 Sakr (PSM) 10% 0.90 [0.39-2.06] ventilation 9/61 10/61 Sakr (PSM) -17% 1.17 [0.85-1.61] hosp. time 61 (n) 61 (n) CamoCO-19 Gunst (DB RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.24-2.79] death 8/137 4/68 CamoCO-19 Gunst (DB RCT) 31% 0.69 [0.14-3.44] ventilation 13/137 3/68 CamoCO-19 Gunst (DB RCT) 20% 0.80 [0.34-1.91] ICU 14/137 8/68 CamoCO-19 Gunst (DB RCT) 15% 0.85 [0.62-1.15] no recov. 137 (n) 68 (n) Terada (RCT) 54% 0.46 [0.04-4.92] death 1/61 2/56 CT​2 ​ Terada (RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.37-2.28] progression 8/61 8/56 CT​2 ​ Terada (RCT) 40% 0.60 [0.37-0.97] no disch. 61 (n) 56 (n) CT​2 ​ ACOVACT Karolyi (RCT) 72% 0.28 [0.06-1.33] death 2/101 7/100 OT​1 ​ ACOVACT Karolyi (RCT) 70% 0.30 [0.10-0.90] ventilation 4/101 13/100 OT​1 ​ ACOVACT Karolyi (RCT) 60% 0.40 [0.16-0.98] death/int. 6/101 15/100 OT​1 ​ ACOVACT Karolyi (RCT) 18% 0.82 [0.71-0.94] recov. time 101 (n) 100 (n) OT​1 ​ ACOVACT Karolyi (RCT) 8% 0.92 [0.86-0.99] recov. time 101 (n) 100 (n) OT​1 ​ ACOVACT Karolyi (RCT) 14% 0.86 [0.75-0.98] hosp. time 101 (n) 100 (n) OT​1 ​ ACTIV-2 Jilg (RCT) -198% 2.98 [0.12-72.4] death 1/109 0/107 ACTIV-2 Jilg (RCT) -18% 1.18 [0.37-3.74] hosp. 6/109 5/107 RECOVER Bryce (DB RCT) 25% 0.75 [0.18-3.18] death 3/50 4/50 Huh -14% 1.14 [0.31-4.18] cases case control Camostat COVID-19 outcomes c19 early .org August 2025 ​1 ​ OT: comparison with other treatment ​2 ​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors camostat Favors control
Figure S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies.
For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.
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