A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of Camostat Mesilate for Treatment of COVID-19 in Outpatients

Sagent Pharmaceuticals, NCT04583592, CAMELOT, NCT04583592, Mar 2021
Mortality -152% improvement lower risk ← → higher risk ER, hospitalization.. 13% Viral clearance 16% Camostat for COVID-19  CAMELOT  EARLY TREATMENT RCT Is early treatment with camostat beneficial for COVID-19? Double-blind RCT 295 patients in the USA Improved viral clearance with camostat (not stat. sig., p=0.36) c19early.org Sagent Pharmaceuticals, NCT04583592, Mar 2021 0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ RR
RCT 295 outpatients in the USA, showing no significant differences with camostat.
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved for early treatment. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of early treatment due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.
Study covers TMPRSS2 inhibitors and camostat.
risk of death, 152.1% higher, RR 2.52, p = 1.00, treatment 1 of 194 (0.5%), control 0 of 101 (0.0%), continuity correction due to zero event (with reciprocal of the contrasting arm), day 28.
ER, hospitalization, death, 13.2% lower, RR 0.87, p = 0.79, treatment 10 of 194 (5.2%), control 6 of 101 (5.9%), NNT 127.
risk of no viral clearance, 16.1% lower, RR 0.84, p = 0.36, treatment 58 of 194 (29.9%), control 36 of 101 (35.6%), NNT 17, day 15.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Sagent Pharmaceuticals et al., 31 Mar 2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, preprint, 1 author, trial NCT04583592 (history) (CAMELOT). Contact: ctinkoff@sagentpharma.com.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org November 2025 USA Russia Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Canada China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Bosnia-Herzegovina Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore Iceland New Zealand Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago Hong Kong North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia CAR USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org November 2025 USA Russia Sudan Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Vietnam Peru Philippines Spain Brazil Italy France Japan Canada China Uzbekistan Nepal Ethiopia Iran Ghana Mexico South Korea Germany Bangladesh Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland India DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Venezuela Nigeria Egypt Bolivia Taiwan Zambia Fiji Ukraine Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Singapore New Zealand Malawi Czechia Mongolia Israel Trinidad and Tobago North Macedonia Belarus Qatar Panama Serbia Syria USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
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