c19early.org COVID-19 treatment researchCOVID-19 treatments

A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Efficacy of Camostat Mesilate for Treatment of COVID-19 in Outpatients

Sagent Pharmaceuticals, NCT04583592, CAMELOT, NCT04583592, Mar 2021
Early treatmentDouble-blind RCT · NCT04583592 · 295 patients · USA
Camostat for COVID-19
CAMELOT Sagent Pharmaceuticals NCT04583592 · March 2021
Outcome
Improvement
Relative Risk · 95% CI
Mortality
-152%2.52 · 0.10 to >9
ER, hospitalization, death
13%0.87 · 0.32–2.32
Viral clearance
16%0.84 · 0.60–1.18
00.511.52+
← Camostat
reduces riskCamostat
increases risk →
Improved viral clearance with camostat
Not statistically significant · p = 0.36
RCT 295 outpatients in the USA, showing no significant differences with camostat.
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country, the USA, is very poor with very low average efficacy for approved treatments1. Only expensive, high-profit treatments were approved for early treatment. Low-cost treatments were excluded, reducing the probability of early treatment due to access and cost barriers, and eliminating complementary and synergistic benefits seen with many low-cost treatments.
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Study covers TMPRSS2 inhibitors and camostat.
OutcomeImprovementEffect · pTreatmentControl
risk of death 152.1% higher · RR 2.52 · p = 1.00 152.1% higherRR 2.52p = 1.00 1 of 194 (0.5%) 0 of 101 (0.0%) treatment 1 of 194 (0.5%), control 0 of 101 (0.0%)continuity correction due to zero eventsday 28
ER, hospitalization, death 13.2% lower · RR 0.87 · p = 0.79 13.2% lowerRR 0.87p = 0.79 10 of 194 (5.2%) 6 of 101 (5.9%) treatment 10 of 194 (5.2%), control 6 of 101 (5.9%)NNT 127
risk of no viral clearance 16.1% lower · RR 0.84 · p = 0.36 16.1% lowerRR 0.84p = 0.36 58 of 194 (29.9%) 36 of 101 (35.6%) treatment 58 of 194 (29.9%), control 36 of 101 (35.6%)NNT 17day 15

Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates.

Sagent Pharmaceuticals et al., 31 Mar 2021, Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial, placebo-controlled, USA, preprint, 1 author, trial NCT04583592 (history) (CAMELOT). Contact: ctinkoff@sagentpharma.com.
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19 treatment protocols c19early.org November 2026 USA Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines Vietnam Japan Argentina Nepal Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Germany Mexico South Korea United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Nigeria Taiwan Fiji Zambia Bosnia-Herzegovina Jordan Georgia Switzerland Dominican Republic Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Bulgaria Greece Slovakia Iceland New Zealand Trinidad and Tobago Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel Haiti North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy of treatments was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment, andforgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%
$0 $500 $1,000+ Efficacy vs. cost for COVID-19treatment protocols worldwide c19early.org November 2026 USA Angola Colombia Kenya Mozambique Myanmar South Africa Peru Philippines Vietnam Japan Argentina Nepal Iran Bangladesh Ethiopia Ghana Germany Mexico South Korea United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Algeria Morocco Yemen Poland Uzbekistan India China Venezuela DR Congo Madagascar Thailand Uganda Egypt Taiwan Fiji Zambia Jordan Georgia Switzerland Dominican Rep. Bolivia Côte d'Ivoire Eritrea Togo Sri Lanka Bulgaria Greece Slovakia New Zealand Trinidad and Tobago Mongolia Czechia Belarus Israel North Macedonia Hong Kong Qatar Panama Serbia USA favored high-profit treatments.The average efficacy was very low.High-cost protocols reduce early treatment,and forgo complementary/synergistic benefits. More effective More expensive 75% 50% 25% ≤0%