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Mitigating COVID-19 Mortality and Morbidity in China's Aging Population: A Focus on Available Medications and Future Developments

Bischof, E., Aging and disease, doi:10.14336/AD.2023.0318
Dec 2023  
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Review focusing on 3CL protease inhibitors. First generation inhibitors like paxlovid and simnotrelvir require boosting with ritonavir, which can cause drug-drug interactions and other issues. Second generation inhibitors like ensitrelvir achieve single agent use without ritonavir boosting, but may have bioavailability issues leading to need for higher doses. Third generation inhibitors aim to achieve irreversible single agent inhibition with higher oral bioavailability and lower viral resistance.
Reviews covering paxlovid for COVID-19 include1-4.
Review covers paxlovid, ensitrelvir, and xiannuoxin.
Bischof et al., 31 Dec 2023, peer-reviewed, 1 author. Contact: bischofevelyne@gmail.com.
This PaperPaxlovidAll
Mitigating COVID-19 Mortality and Morbidity in China's Aging Population: A Focus on Available Medications and Future Developments
Dr Evelyne Bischof
Aging and disease, doi:10.14336/ad.2023.0318
The COVID-19 pandemic, often referred to as the geropandemic, has put immense pressure on global healthcare systems worldwide, leading to a rush in the development and approval of medications for the treatment of the viral infection. Clinical trials on efficacy and safety had a limited spectrum on inclusion and endpoints because of the urgent need for fast results. The chronologically and biologically aged population is especially at risk for severe or lethal disease, as well as treatment-associated toxicity. In China, the growing elderly population segment has been a focus in public health measurements of COVID-19, guiding towards herd immunity with a mild variant, thus minimizing overall deaths and morbidity. While the COVID-19 pandemic has now been reclassified and the virus weakened, there is a clear need for novel therapies to protect the elderly. This paper reviews the current safety and efficacy of available COVID-19 medications in China, with a specific focus on 3CL protease inhibitors and the aging population. The current COVID wave in China has demonstrated a significant impact on the elderly and the need for new drugs that are effective at low doses and can be used alone, without harmful side effects, generation of viral resistance, and drug-drug interactions. The rush to develop and approve COVID-19 medications has brought up important questions about the balance between speed and caution, resulting in a pipeline of novel therapies now moving through clinical trials, including third-generation 3CL protease inhibitors. A majority of those therapeutics are being developed in China.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 119(15):e2119893119.', 'DOI': '10.1073/pnas.2119893119'}], 'container-title': 'Aging and disease', 'original-title': [], 'language': 'en', 'deposited': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 1, 19]], 'date-time': '2024-01-19T22:03:24Z', 'timestamp': 1705701804000}, 'score': 1, 'resource': {'primary': {'URL': 'https://www.aginganddisease.org/EN/10.14336/AD.2023.0318'}}, 'subtitle': [], 'short-title': [], 'issued': {'date-parts': [[2023]]}, 'references-count': 66, 'journal-issue': {'issue': '6', 'published-print': {'date-parts': [[2023]]}}, 'URL': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2023.0318', 'relation': {}, 'ISSN': ['2152-5250'], 'subject': [ 'Cell Biology', 'Neurology (clinical)', 'Geriatrics and Gerontology', 'Pathology and Forensic Medicine'], 'container-title-short': 'Aging and disease', 'published': {'date-parts': [[2023]]}}
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