Supplementary Data — Vitamin B12 for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 4 studies

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 2V2
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Jang 78% 0.22 [0.05-0.94] no recov. 1/6 10/13 ECMO patients Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Erfani (RCT) 75% 0.25 [0.03-2.01] ICU 1/17 4/17 Erfani (RCT) -1% 1.01 [0.72-1.41] hosp. time 17 (n) 17 (n) Bejan 34% 0.66 [0.30-1.44] death 617 (n) 8,589 (n) Bejan 35% 0.65 [0.31-1.36] ventilation 618 (n) 8,611 (n) Bejan 16% 0.84 [0.44-1.60] ICU 625 (n) 8,642 (n) Bejan 10% 0.90 [0.61-1.32] hosp. 678 (n) 9,070 (n) Nimer 24% 0.76 [0.52-1.10] hosp. 35/395 184/1,753 Nimer 27% 0.73 [0.51-1.02] severe case 40/395 220/1,753 Vitamin B12 COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 Favors vitamin B12 Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.