Does Serum Vitamin D Level Affect COVID-19 Infection and Its Severity? A Case-Control Study
et al., Journal of the American College of Nutrition, doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.182600, Oct 2020
Vitamin D for COVID-19
8th treatment shown to reduce risk in
October 2020, now with p < 0.00000000001 from 126 studies, recognized in 18 countries.
No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols
combine treatments.
6,300+ studies for
210+ treatments. c19early.org
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Case control study in China comparing 62 patients with 80 healthy controls showing vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for COVID-19, especially for severe/critical cases.
This is the 20th of 226 COVID-19 sufficiency studies for vitamin D, which collectively show higher levels reduce risk with p<0.0000000001 (1 in 115,066,047,903,039,356,928 vigintillion).
Standard of Care (SOC) for COVID-19 in the study country,
China, is average with moderate efficacy for approved treatments1.
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risk of severe/critical COVID-19, 93.4% lower, RR 0.07, p = 0.03, high D levels 2 of 36 (5.6%), low D levels 8 of 26 (30.8%), NNT 4.0, adjusted per study, inverted to make RR<1 favor high D levels, >50nmol/L.
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| Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates |
Ye et al., 13 Oct 2020, retrospective, China, peer-reviewed, 18 authors.
Does Serum Vitamin D Level Affect COVID-19 Infection and Its Severity?-A Case-Control Study
Journal of the American College of Nutrition, doi:10.1080/07315724.2020.1826005
Background: As effective medication to treat COVID-19 is currently unavailable, preventive remedies may be particularly important. Objective: To examine the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level and COVID-19 infection, its severity, and its clinical case characteristics. Methods: This case-control study compared serum 25(OH)D levels and rates of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) between 80 healthy controls and 62 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and admitted to Guangxi People's Hospital, China, 2/16/2020-3/16/2020. Cases were categorized into asymptomatic, mild/moderate, and severe/critical disease. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between 25(OH)D level, or VDD, and case status/severity of COVID-19 while controlling for demographics and comorbidities. A threshold level of vitamin D for conveying COVID-19 risk was estimated. Results: Severe/critical COVID-19 cases were significantly older and had higher percentages of comorbidity (renal failure) compared to mild cases. The serum 25(OH)D concentration in COVID-19 patient was much lower than that in healthy control. And 25(OH)D level was the lowest in severe/ critical cases, compared with mild cases. In further, significantly higher rates of VDD were found in COVID-19 cases (41.9%) compared to healthy controls (11.1%). And VDD was the greatest in severe/critical cases (80%), compared with mild cases (36%). These statistically significant associations remained even after controlling for demographics and comorbidities. A potential threshold of 25(OH)D (41.19 nmol/L) to protect against COVID-19 was identified. Conclusion: Elderly and people with comorbidities were susceptible to severe COVID-19 infection. VDD was a risk factor for COVID-19, especially for severe/critical cases. While further confirmation is needed, vitamin D supplementation may have prevention or treatment potential for COVID-19 disease.
Authors' contributions K. Ye, S. Lin, F. Xu. Designed research; F.Tang, X.Liao, G. Huang, C. Chen, N. Tang conducted research; H. Xiao, X. Liao performed statistical analysis; F. Tang, X. Liao, M. Deng wrote the paper; Z. Qin, X. Peng, X. Liu, L. Ning, B. Wang, M. Li, J. Yang provided essential technical and material support; F. Xu, S. Lin, J. Yang, K. Ye had primary responsibility for final content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Disclosure statement All authors have no conflict of interest.
ORCID Bangqin Wang http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1592-7074
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