Alkalinization
Analgesics..
Antiandrogens..
Bromhexine
Budesonide
Cannabidiol
Colchicine
Conv. Plasma
Curcumin
Ensovibep
Famotidine
Favipiravir
Fluvoxamine
Hydroxychlor..
Iota-carragee..
Ivermectin
Lactoferrin
Lifestyle..
Melatonin
Metformin
Molnupiravir
Monoclonals..
Nigella Sativa
Nitazoxanide
Nitric Oxide
Paxlovid
Peg.. Lambda
Povidone-Iod..
Quercetin
Remdesivir
Vitamins..
Zinc

Other
Feedback
Home
Home   COVID-19 treatment studies for Vitamin A  COVID-19 treatment studies for Vitamin A  C19 studies: Vitamin A  Vitamin A   Select treatmentSelect treatmentTreatmentsTreatments
Alkalinization Meta Lactoferrin Meta
Melatonin Meta
Bromhexine Meta Metformin Meta
Budesonide Meta Molnupiravir Meta
Cannabidiol Meta
Colchicine Meta Nigella Sativa Meta
Conv. Plasma Meta Nitazoxanide Meta
Curcumin Meta Nitric Oxide Meta
Ensovibep Meta Paxlovid Meta
Famotidine Meta Peg.. Lambda Meta
Favipiravir Meta Povidone-Iod.. Meta
Fluvoxamine Meta Quercetin Meta
Hydroxychlor.. Meta Remdesivir Meta
Iota-carragee.. Meta
Ivermectin Meta Zinc Meta

Other Treatments Global Adoption
All Studies   Meta Analysis   Recent:  
0 0.5 1 1.5 2+ Mortality 70% Improvement Relative Risk Progression 45% c19early.org/va Tepasse et al. Vitamin A for COVID-19 Sufficiency Are vitamin A levels associated with COVID-19 outcomes? Prospective study of 40 patients in Germany Lower mortality (p=0.042) and progression (p=0.048) Tepasse et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13072173 Favors vitamin A Favors control
Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis
Tepasse et al., Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13072173
Tepasse et al., Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis, Nutrients, doi:10.3390/nu13072173
Jun 2021   Source   PDF  
  Twitter
  Facebook
Share
  All Studies   Meta
Prospective analysis of 40 hospitalized patients and 47 age-matched convalescent patients, showing significantly lower vitamin A levels in critical patients, and significantly lower vitamin A levels in hospitalized patients vs. controls. Low vitamin A levels were significantly associated with ARDS and mortality in hospitalized patients.
risk of death, 69.7% lower, RR 0.30, p = 0.04, treatment 4 of 29 (13.8%), control 5 of 11 (45.5%), NNT 3.2, inverted to make RR<1 favor treatment, odds ratio converted to relative risk, >2mg/L, logistic regression.
risk of progression, 45.2% lower, RR 0.55, p = 0.048, treatment 13 of 29 (44.8%), control 9 of 11 (81.8%), NNT 2.7, inverted to make RR<1 favor treatment, odds ratio converted to relative risk, progression to ARDS, >2mg/L, logistic regression.
Effect extraction follows pre-specified rules prioritizing more serious outcomes. Submit updates
Tepasse et al., 24 Jun 2021, prospective, Germany, peer-reviewed, 8 authors.
All Studies   Meta Analysis   Submit Updates or Corrections
This PaperVitamin AAll
Abstract: nutrients Article Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis Phil-Robin Tepasse 1, *,† , Richard Vollenberg 1,† , Manfred Fobker 2 , Iyad Kabar 1 , Hartmut Schmidt 1 , Jörn Arne Meier 1 , Tobias Nowacki 1 and Anna Hüsing-Kabar 1 1 2 * †   Citation: Tepasse, P.-R.; Vollenberg, R.; Fobker, M.; Kabar, I.; Schmidt, H.; Meier, J.A.; Nowacki, T.; Hüsing-Kabar, A. Vitamin A Plasma Levels in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Multicenter Study and Hypothesis. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2173. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072173 Academic Editors: Dimitrios T. Karayiannis and Zafeiria Mastora Department of Medicine B for Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Clinical Infectiology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; richard.vollenberg@ukmuenster.de (R.V.); iyad.kabar@ukmuenster.de (I.K.); hepar@ukmuenster.de (H.S.); joernarne.meier@ukmuenster.de (J.A.M.); tobias.nowacki@ukmuenster.de (T.N.); Anna.Huesing-Kabar@ukmuenster.de (A.H.-K.) Center for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany; manfred.fobker@ukmuenster.de Correspondence: phil-robin.tepasse@ukmuenster.de; Tel.: +49-251-834-4882 These authors contributed equally to this work. Abstract: COVID-19 is a pandemic disease that causes severe pulmonary damage and hyperinflammation. Vitamin A is a crucial factor in the development of immune functions and is known to be reduced in cases of acute inflammation. This prospective, multicenter observational cross-sectional study analyzed vitamin A plasma levels in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals, and 40 hospitalized patients were included. Of these, 22 developed critical disease (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome [ARDS]/Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]), 9 developed severe disease (oxygen supplementation), and 9 developed moderate disease (no oxygen supplementation). A total of 47 age-matched convalescent persons that had been earlier infected with SARS-CoV-2 were included as the control group. Vitamin A plasma levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Reduced vitamin A plasma levels correlated significantly with increased levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, ferritin) and with markers of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (reduced lymphocyte count, LDH). Vitamin A levels were significantly lower in hospitalized patients than in convalescent persons (p < 0.01). Of the hospitalized patients, those who were critically ill showed significantly lower vitamin A levels than those who were moderately ill (p < 0.05). Vitamin A plasma levels below 0.2 mg/L were significantly associated with the development of ARDS (OR = 5.54 [1.01–30.26]; p = 0.048) and mortality (OR 5.21 [1.06–25.5], p = 0.042). Taken together, we conclude that vitamin A plasma levels in COVID-19 patients are reduced during acute inflammation and that severely reduced plasma levels of vitamin A are significantly associated with ARDS and mortality. Received: 27 May 2021 Accepted: 20 June 2021 Published: 24 June 2021 Keywords: COVID-19; vitamin A; retinol; retinoic acid; ARDS; pneumonia; pandemic; SARS-CoV2; inflammation Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license..
Loading..
Please send us corrections, updates, or comments. Vaccines and treatments are complementary. All practical, effective, and safe means should be used based on risk/benefit analysis. No treatment, vaccine, or intervention is 100% available and effective for all current and future variants. We do not provide medical advice. Before taking any medication, consult a qualified physician who can provide personalized advice and details of risks and benefits based on your medical history and situation. FLCCC and WCH provide treatment protocols.
  or use drag and drop   
Submit