Retinol Depletion in Severe COVID-19

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1101/2021.01.30.21250844", "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.01.30.21250844", "abstract": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin A is depleted during infections. Vitamin A has been used successfully in measles, RSV and AIDS patients and is an effective vaccine adjuvant. In this study, low retinol levels were found in patients with severe COVID-19. Retinoid signaling impairment in COVID-19 disrupts Type-I interferon synthesis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and Method</jats:title><jats:p>Two groups were formed in the study. The patient group consisted of 27 (Group 1) severe COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit with respiratory failure, and the control group consisted of 23 (Group 2) patients without COVID-19 symptoms. Serum retinol levels were analyzed by ELIZA and HPLC in both groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings</jats:title><jats:p>Retinol levels were found to be significantly lower in the patient group (P &lt;0.001). There was no difference in retinol between two different age groups in the patient group (P&gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in retinol between men and women (P&gt; 0.05). Comorbidity did not affect serum retinol levels (P &gt;0.05).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Serum retinol levels were low in patients with severe COVID-19. Drugs preventing retinol excretion were not stopped in the patient group. Some patients took vitamin A externally. Despite this, retinol was low in COVID-19 patients. Retinol depletion impairs Type-I interferon synthesis by impairing retinoid signaling. Retinoid signaling may be the main pathogenetic disorder in COVID-19. This pathogenesis can serve as a guide for adjuvants, drug targets, and candidate drugs. Retinol, retinoic acid derivatives, and some CYP450 inhibitors may work on COVID-19.</jats:p></jats:sec>", "accepted": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 2, 1 ] ] }, "author": [ { "ORCID": "http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-688X", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Sarohan", "given": "Aziz Rodan", "sequence": "first" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Akelma", "given": "Hakan", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Araç", "given": "Eşref", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Aslan", "given": "Özgür", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": [], "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 2, 1 ] ], "date-time": "2021-02-01T22:49:16Z", "timestamp": 1612219756000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2022, 12, 14 ] ], "date-time": "2022-12-14T07:52:51Z", "timestamp": 1671004371000 }, "group-title": "Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)", "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2024, 3, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2024-03-19T06:57:27Z", "timestamp": 1710831447895 }, "institution": [ { "name": "medRxiv" } ], "is-referenced-by-count": 7, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 2, 1 ] ] }, "link": [ { "URL": "https://syndication.highwire.org/content/doi/10.1101/2021.01.30.21250844", "content-type": "unspecified", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "similarity-checking" } ], "member": "246", "original-title": [], "posted": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 2, 1 ] ] }, "prefix": "10.1101", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2021, 2, 1 ] ] }, "publisher": "Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory", "reference": [ { "key": "2021020402400956000_2021.01.30.21250844v1.1", "unstructured": "Weekly Epidemiological Update Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 21 September 2020. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports." }, { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102433", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "key": "2021020402400956000_2021.01.30.21250844v1.2" }, { "DOI": "10.1007/s00109-020-01961-4", "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "key": "2021020402400956000_2021.01.30.21250844v1.3", "unstructured": "Omalla A. 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