Retinol Depletion in Severe COVID-19

{ 'institution': [{'name': 'medRxiv'}], 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 3, 19]], 'date-time': '2024-03-19T06:57:27Z', 'timestamp': 1710831447895}, 'posted': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 1]]}, 'group-title': 'Infectious Diseases (except HIV/AIDS)', 'reference-count': 65, 'publisher': 'Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory', 'content-domain': {'domain': [], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'accepted': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 1]]}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and ' 'Purpose</jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin A is depleted during infections. Vitamin A has been used ' 'successfully in measles, RSV and AIDS patients and is an effective vaccine adjuvant. In this ' 'study, low retinol levels were found in patients with severe COVID-19. Retinoid signaling ' 'impairment in COVID-19 disrupts Type-I interferon ' 'synthesis.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and ' 'Method</jats:title><jats:p>Two groups were formed in the study. The patient group consisted ' 'of 27 (Group 1) severe COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit with ' 'respiratory failure, and the control group consisted of 23 (Group 2) patients without ' 'COVID-19 symptoms. Serum retinol levels were analyzed by ELIZA and HPLC in both ' 'groups.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings</jats:title><jats:p>Retinol levels ' 'were found to be significantly lower in the patient group (P &lt;0.001). There was no ' 'difference in retinol between two different age groups in the patient group (P&gt; 0.05). ' 'There was no significant difference in retinol between men and women (P&gt; 0.05). ' 'Comorbidity did not affect serum retinol levels (P ' '&gt;0.05).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Serum ' 'retinol levels were low in patients with severe COVID-19. Drugs preventing retinol excretion ' 'were not stopped in the patient group. Some patients took vitamin A externally. Despite this, ' 'retinol was low in COVID-19 patients. Retinol depletion impairs Type-I interferon synthesis ' 'by impairing retinoid signaling. Retinoid signaling may be the main pathogenetic disorder in ' 'COVID-19. This pathogenesis can serve as a guide for adjuvants, drug targets, and candidate ' 'drugs. Retinol, retinoic acid derivatives, and some CYP450 inhibitors may work on ' 'COVID-19.</jats:p></jats:sec>', 'DOI': '10.1101/2021.01.30.21250844', 'type': 'posted-content', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2021, 2, 1]], 'date-time': '2021-02-01T22:49:16Z', 'timestamp': 1612219756000}, 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 7, 'title': 'Retinol Depletion in Severe COVID-19', 'prefix': '10.1101', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-688X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Aziz Rodan', 'family': 'Sarohan', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Hakan', 'family': 'Akelma', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Eşref', 'family': 'Araç', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Özgür', 'family': 'Aslan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '246', 'reference': [ { 'key': '2021020402400956000_2021.01.30.21250844v1.1', 'unstructured': 'Weekly Epidemiological Update Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 21 ' 'September 2020. 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