Home pharmacological therapy in early COVID-19 to prevent hospitalization and reduce mortality: Time for a suitable proposal
Pandolfi et al.,
Home pharmacological therapy in early COVID-19 to prevent hospitalization and reduce mortality: Time for a..,
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, doi:10.1111/bcpt.13690 (Review)
Proposal for early treatment of COVID-19, including a review of potential concerns for treatment with acetaminophen and a recommendation against using acetaminophen.
Pandolfi et al., 2 Dec 2021, peer-reviewed, 9 authors.
Contact:
salvatore.chirumbolo@univr.it.
Abstract: Received: 21 September 2021
Revised: 3 November 2021
Accepted: 16 November 2021
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13690
MINI REVIEW
Home pharmacological therapy in early COVID-19 to
prevent hospitalization and reduce mortality: Time for a
suitable proposal
Sergio Pandolfi1,2 | Salvatore Chirumbolo3
| Giovanni Ricevuti4
|
1
5
6
Luigi Valdenassi | Geir Bjørklund | Roman Lysiuk | Monica Daniela Doşa7 |
Larysa Lenchyk8
| Serafino Fazio9
1
High School of Oxygen Ozone Therapy,
University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
2
Unit of Neurosurgery, Villa Mafalda
Health Clinics, Rome, Italy
3
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is a highly dramatic concern for mankind. In Italy,
the pandemic exerted its major impact throughout the period of February to
Department of Neurosciences,
Biomedicine and Movement Sciences,
University of Verona, Italy
June 2020. To date, the awkward amount of more than 134,000 deaths has
been reported. Yet, post-mortem autopsy was performed on a very modest
4
number of patients who died from COVID-19 infection, leading to a first con-
5
firmation of an immune-thrombosis of the lungs as the major COVID-19 pathogenesis, likewise for SARS. Since then (June–August 2020), no targeted early
Department of Drug Science, University
of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
Department of Direction Board, Council
for Nutritional an Environmental
Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
6
CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research
Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National
Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
7
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of
Medicine, Ovidius University, Constanta,
Romania
8
CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and
Natural Product Chemistry Research
Group, National University of Pharmacy,
Kharkiv, Ukraine
9
Department of Internal Medicine,
University of Naples Federico II, Naples,
Italy
Correspondence
Salvatore Chirumbolo, Department of
Neurosciences, Biomedicine and
Movement Sciences, University of Verona,
Strada Le Grazie 9, Verona 37134, Italy.
Email: salvatore.chirumbolo@univr.it
therapy considering this pathogenetic issue was approached. The patients
treated with early anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, anticoagulant and antibiotic therapy confirmed that COVID-19 was an endothelial inflammation with
immuno-thrombosis. Patients not treated or scarcely treated with the most
proper and appropriate therapy and in the earliest, increased the hospitalization rate in the intensive care units and also mortality, due to immunethrombosis from the pulmonary capillary district and alveoli. The disease causes widespread endothelial inflammation, which can induce damage to various
organs and systems. Therapy must be targeted in this consideration, and in
this review, we demonstrate how early anti-inflammatory therapy may treat
endothelia inflammation and immune-thrombosis caused by COVID-19, by
using drugs we are going to recommend in this paper.
KEYWORDS
immunopharmacology, immunotoxicology, infection, inflammation, pharmacoepidemiology
© 2021 Nordic Association for the Publication of BCPT (former Nordic Pharmacological Society). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022;130:225–239.
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1 | INTRODUCTION ON THE
IMMUNO-THROMB OTI C
E T I O P A T H O G E N E S I S O F CO V I D - 1 9
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impact on health management worldwide. It generated
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pandemic,..
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