Health-related quality of life in immunocompromised adults with mild–moderate COVID-19 treated with nirmatrelvir-ritonavir: results from the randomized, double-blinded EPIC-IC trial

DOI record: { "DOI": "10.1186/s12955-026-02518-8", "ISSN": [ "1477-7525" ], "URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-026-02518-8", "alternative-id": [ "2518" ], "assertion": [ { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Received", "name": "received", "order": 1, "value": "12 November 2025" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "Accepted", "name": "accepted", "order": 2, "value": "12 March 2026" }, { "group": { "label": "Article History", "name": "ArticleHistory" }, "label": "First Online", "name": "first_online", "order": 3, "value": "19 March 2026" }, { "group": { "label": "Declarations", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 1 }, { "group": { "label": "Ethics approval and consent to participate", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 2, "value": "Participants provided written informed consent before enrolling in the EPIC-IC trial [\n \n ]. Ethics approval for the protocol, amendments, and other relevant documents was granted by each institution’s review boards and ethics committees. Investigator names and approving ethics committees are listed in Weinstein, et al., 2025 [\n \n ]. The study was conducted in accordance with consensus ethical principles, including those in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) International Ethical Guidelines; with applicable International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) guidelines for Good Clinical Practice; and with applicable laws and regulations, including applicable privacy laws." }, { "group": { "label": "Consent for publication", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 3, "value": "Not applicable." }, { "group": { "label": "Competing interests", "name": "EthicsHeading" }, "name": "Ethics", "order": 4, "value": "RM, PC, ET, EW, and JCC are employees and minority shareholders of Pfizer, which funded this study." } ], "author": [ { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6278-4969", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Mokgokong", "given": "Ruth", "sequence": "first" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3130-2818", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Cislo", "given": "Paul", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0406-7565", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Tudone", "given": "Elena", "sequence": "additional" }, { "affiliation": [], "family": "Weinstein", "given": "Edward", "sequence": "additional" }, { "ORCID": "https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9586-0748", "affiliation": [], "authenticated-orcid": false, "family": "Cappelleri", "given": "Joseph C.", "sequence": "additional" } ], "container-title": "Health and Quality of Life Outcomes", "container-title-short": "Health Qual Life Outcomes", "content-domain": { "crossmark-restriction": false, "domain": [ "link.springer.com" ] }, "created": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-19T04:47:21Z", "timestamp": 1773895641000 }, "deposited": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-19T04:47:30Z", "timestamp": 1773895650000 }, "funder": [ { "DOI": "10.13039/100004319", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "id": [ { "asserted-by": "publisher", "id": "10.13039/100004319", "id-type": "DOI" } ], "name": "Pfizer" } ], "indexed": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-19T09:14:32Z", "timestamp": 1773911672247, "version": "3.50.1" }, "is-referenced-by-count": 0, "issued": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ] }, "language": "en", "license": [ { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "tdm", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-19T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1773878400000 } }, { "URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "content-version": "am", "delay-in-days": 0, "start": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ], "date-time": "2026-03-19T00:00:00Z", "timestamp": 1773878400000 } } ], "link": [ { "URL": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12955-026-02518-8", "content-type": "text/html", "content-version": "vor", "intended-application": "text-mining" } ], "member": "297", "original-title": [], "prefix": "10.1186", "published": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ] }, "published-online": { "date-parts": [ [ 2026, 3, 19 ] ] }, "publisher": "Springer Science and Business Media LLC", "reference": [ { "DOI": "10.1016/j.jinf.2021.08.018", "author": "J Aranda", "doi-asserted-by": "publisher", "first-page": "581", "issue": "5", "journal-title": "J Infect", "key": "2518_CR1", "unstructured": "Aranda J, Oriol I, Martín M, Feria L, Vázquez N, Rhyman N, et al. 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