DOI record:
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016",
"ISSN": [
"2296-861X"
],
"URL": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016",
"abstract": "<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Devastating consequences of COVID-19 disease enhanced the role of promoting prevention-focused practices. Among targeted efforts, diet is regarded as one of the potential factors which can affect immune function and optimal nutrition is postulated as the method of augmentation of people’s viral resistance. As epidemiological evidence is scarce, the present study aimed to explore the association between dietary intake of total polyphenols, lignans and plant sterols and the abundance of immunomodulatory gut microbiota such as Enterococcus spp. and <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> and the risk of developing COVID-19 disease.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Demographic data, dietary habits, physical activity as well as the composition of body and gut microbiota were analyzed in a sample of 95 young healthy individuals. Dietary polyphenol, lignan and plant sterol intakes have been retrieved based on the amount of food consumed by the participants, the phytochemical content was assessed in laboratory analysis and using available databases.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>For all investigated polyphenols and phytosterols, except campesterol, every unit increase in the tertile of intake category was associated with a decrease in the odds of contracting COVID-19. The risk reduction ranged from several dozen percent to 70 %, depending on the individual plant-based chemical, and after controlling for basic covariates it was statistically significant for secoisolariciresinol (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.61), total phytosterols (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.22–0.95) and for stigmasterols (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.72). We found an inverse association between increased β-sitosterol intake and phytosterols in total and the occurrence of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli</jats:italic> in stool samples outside reference values, with 72% (OR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.08–0.86) and 66% (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.10–1.08) reduced odds of abnormal level of bacteria for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of phytochemical consumption. Additionally, there was a trend of more frequent presence of Enterococcus spp. at relevant level in people with a higher intake of lariciresinol.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The beneficial effects of polyphenols and phytosterols should be emphasized and these plant-based compounds should be regarded in the context of their utility as antiviral agents preventing influenza-type infections.</jats:p></jats:sec>",
"alternative-id": [
"10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016"
],
"author": [
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Micek",
"given": "Agnieszka",
"sequence": "first"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Bolesławska",
"given": "Izabela",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Jagielski",
"given": "Paweł",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Konopka",
"given": "Kamil",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Waśkiewicz",
"given": "Anna",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Witkowska",
"given": "Anna Maria",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Przysławski",
"given": "Juliusz",
"sequence": "additional"
},
{
"affiliation": [],
"family": "Godos",
"given": "Justyna",
"sequence": "additional"
}
],
"container-title": "Frontiers in Nutrition",
"container-title-short": "Front. Nutr.",
"content-domain": {
"crossmark-restriction": true,
"domain": [
"frontiersin.org"
]
},
"created": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
8,
3
]
],
"date-time": "2023-08-03T12:12:00Z",
"timestamp": 1691064720000
},
"deposited": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
8,
3
]
],
"date-time": "2023-08-03T12:12:04Z",
"timestamp": 1691064724000
},
"indexed": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
8,
4
]
],
"date-time": "2023-08-04T04:27:03Z",
"timestamp": 1691123223844
},
"is-referenced-by-count": 0,
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
8,
3
]
]
},
"license": [
{
"URL": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
"content-version": "vor",
"delay-in-days": 0,
"start": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
8,
3
]
],
"date-time": "2023-08-03T00:00:00Z",
"timestamp": 1691020800000
}
}
],
"link": [
{
"URL": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016/full",
"content-type": "unspecified",
"content-version": "vor",
"intended-application": "similarity-checking"
}
],
"member": "1965",
"original-title": [],
"prefix": "10.3389",
"published": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
8,
3
]
]
},
"published-online": {
"date-parts": [
[
2023,
8,
3
]
]
},
"publisher": "Frontiers Media SA",
"reference": [
{
"DOI": "10.34172/hpp.2021.17",
"article-title": "Nutritional approach for increasing public health during pandemic of COVID-19: a comprehensive review of antiviral nutrients and nutraceuticals",
"author": "Ebrahimzadeh-Attari",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "119",
"journal-title": "Health Promot Perspect",
"key": "ref1",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/mnfr.201600930",
"article-title": "A comprehensive meta-analysis on dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and cancer risk: level of evidence and limitations",
"author": "Grosso",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "930",
"journal-title": "Mol Nutr Food Res",
"key": "ref2",
"volume": "61",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/nutrit/nuaa043",
"article-title": "Dietary phytoestrogens and biomarkers of their intake in relation to cancer survival and recurrence: a comprehensive systematic review with meta-analysis",
"author": "Micek",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "42",
"journal-title": "Nutr Rev",
"key": "ref3",
"volume": "79",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/aje/kww207",
"article-title": "Dietary flavonoid and lignan intake and mortality in prospective cohort studies: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis",
"author": "Grosso",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1304",
"journal-title": "Am J Epidemiol",
"key": "ref4",
"volume": "185",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/antiox8060152",
"article-title": "Dietary polyphenol intake, blood pressure, and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies",
"author": "Godos",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "152",
"journal-title": "Antioxidants (Basel)",
"key": "ref5",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu13030728",
"article-title": "Immunomodulatory effects of dietary polyphenols",
"author": "Shakoor",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "728",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "ref6",
"volume": "13",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/antiox9121266",
"article-title": "Phytosterols: nutritional health players in the management of obesity and its related disorders",
"author": "Vezza",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "266",
"journal-title": "Antioxidants (Basel)",
"key": "ref7",
"volume": "9",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/v11010073",
"article-title": "Characterization of the lipidomic profile of human coronavirus-infected cells: implications for lipid metabolism Remodeling upon coronavirus replication",
"author": "Yan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "73",
"journal-title": "Viruses",
"key": "ref8",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fnut.2021.772700",
"article-title": "COVID-19 risk appears to vary across different alcoholic beverages",
"author": "Dai",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "772700",
"journal-title": "Front Nutr",
"key": "ref9",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fnut.2020.606398",
"article-title": "Zinc, vitamin D and vitamin C: perspectives for COVID-19 with a focus on physical tissue barrier integrity",
"author": "Name",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "606398",
"journal-title": "Front Nutr",
"key": "ref10",
"volume": "7",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu14020350",
"article-title": "Associations of nutritional behavior and gut microbiota with the risk of COVID-19 in healthy young adults in Poland",
"author": "Jagielski",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "350",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "ref11",
"volume": "14",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu10070865",
"article-title": "Are total and individual dietary lignans related to cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in postmenopausal women? A nationwide study",
"author": "Witkowska",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "865",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "ref12",
"volume": "10",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.17219/acem/91487",
"article-title": "Polyphenols and dietary antioxidant potential, and their relationship with arterial hypertension: a cross-sectional study of the adult population in Poland (WOBASZ II)",
"author": "Waśkiewicz",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "797",
"journal-title": "Adv Clin Exp Med",
"key": "ref13",
"volume": "28",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu13082722",
"article-title": "Assessment of plant sterols in the diet of adult polish population with the use of a newly developed database",
"author": "Witkowska",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2722",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "ref14",
"volume": "13",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/ajcn/65.4.1220S",
"article-title": "Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies",
"author": "Willett",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1220S",
"journal-title": "Am J Clin Nutr",
"key": "ref15",
"volume": "65",
"year": "1997"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/ajcn/72.3.694",
"article-title": "Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index",
"author": "Gallagher",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "694",
"journal-title": "Am J Clin Nutr",
"key": "ref16",
"volume": "72",
"year": "2000"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu14204227",
"article-title": "Proposition of a new POLA index to assess the immunomodulatory properties of the diet and its relationship with the gut microbiota, using the example of the incidence of COVID-19 in a Group of People without comorbidities",
"author": "Jagielski",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "4227",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "ref17",
"volume": "14",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fmed.2020.00240",
"article-title": "May polyphenols have a role against coronavirus infection? An overview of in vitro evidence",
"author": "Annunziata",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "240",
"journal-title": "Front Med (Lausanne)",
"key": "ref18",
"volume": "7",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1155/2022/1688826",
"article-title": "Lignans from Mosla scabra ameliorated influenza a virus-induced pneumonia via inhibiting macrophage activation",
"author": "Cai",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1688826",
"journal-title": "Evid Based Complement Alternat Med",
"key": "ref19",
"volume": "2022",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/vaccines11020228",
"article-title": "Phytoestrogen β-sitosterol exhibits potent in vitro antiviral activity against influenza a viruses",
"author": "Shokry",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "228",
"journal-title": "Vaccines (Basel)",
"key": "ref20",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/cells10071619",
"article-title": "Man-specific lectins from plants, fungi, algae and cyanobacteria, as potential blockers for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronaviruses: biomedical perspectives",
"author": "Barre",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1619",
"journal-title": "Cells",
"key": "ref21",
"volume": "10",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1007/s11356-022-21125-w",
"article-title": "A new perspective to improve the treatment of Lianhuaqingwen on COVID-19 and prevent the environmental health risk of medication",
"author": "Gu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "74208",
"journal-title": "Environ Sci Pollut Res Int",
"key": "ref22",
"volume": "29",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.csbj.2021.09.022",
"article-title": "Polyphenols as alternative treatments of COVID-19",
"author": "Wu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "5371",
"journal-title": "Comput Struct Biotechnol J",
"key": "ref23",
"volume": "19",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.2174/1386207323999201029122301",
"article-title": "Exploring the potential mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu capsule for treating COVID-19 by comprehensive network pharmacological approaches and molecular docking validation",
"author": "Zhuang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1377",
"journal-title": "Comb Chem High Throughput Screen",
"key": "ref24",
"volume": "24",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.jff.2020.104146",
"article-title": "Phytochemicals containing biologically active polyphenols as an effective agent against COVID-19-inducing coronavirus",
"author": "Chojnacka",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "104146",
"journal-title": "J Funct Foods",
"key": "ref25",
"volume": "73",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/molecules25112707",
"article-title": "Potential of flavonoid-inspired phytomedicines against COVID-19",
"author": "Ngwa",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2707",
"journal-title": "Molecules",
"key": "ref26",
"volume": "25",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1039/d1ra03937g",
"article-title": "In silico study of natural compounds from sesame against COVID-19 by targeting Mpro, PLpro and RdRp",
"author": "Allam",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "22398",
"journal-title": "RSC Adv",
"key": "ref27",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cofs.2020.08.004",
"article-title": "Potential use of polyphenols in the battle against COVID-19",
"author": "Paraiso",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "149",
"journal-title": "Curr Opin Food Sci",
"key": "ref28",
"volume": "32",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2020.03.31.017657",
"article-title": "Molecular docking analysis of some phytochemicals on two SARS-CoV-2 targets",
"author": "Ubani",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "BioRxiv",
"key": "ref29",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.20944/preprints202003.0214.v1",
"article-title": "Revealing the potency of citrus and galangal constituents to halt SARS-CoV-2 infection",
"author": "Utomo",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "Biology",
"key": "ref30",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3233/MNM-211521",
"article-title": "The difference in the dietary inflammatory index, functional food, and antioxidants intake between COVID -19 patients and healthy persons",
"author": "Mohajeri",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "219",
"journal-title": "Med J Nutrition Metab",
"key": "ref31",
"volume": "15",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/09637486.2023.2180613",
"article-title": "Nutritional changes during the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid scoping review on the impact of psychological factors",
"author": "Van Laren",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "124",
"journal-title": "Int J Food Sci Nutr",
"key": "ref32",
"volume": "74",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/09637486.2022.2040009",
"article-title": "Changes in a Mediterranean lifestyle during the COVID-19 pandemic among elderly Italians: an analysis of gender and socioeconomic inequalities in the “LOST in Lombardia” study",
"author": "Bonaccio",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "683",
"journal-title": "Int J Food Sci Nutr",
"key": "ref33",
"volume": "73",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3233/MNM-210006",
"article-title": "COVID-19 pandemic: changes in the emotions, body weights and nutrition habits of individuals during social intervention measures",
"author": "Akkuş",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "11",
"journal-title": "Med J Nutrition Metab",
"key": "ref34",
"volume": "15",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110117",
"article-title": "Multifunctional roles and pharmacological potential of β-sitosterol: emerging evidence toward clinical applications",
"author": "Khan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "110117",
"journal-title": "Chem Biol Interact",
"key": "ref35",
"volume": "365",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/ph15101225",
"article-title": "Polyphenols, saponins and phytosterols in lentils and their health benefits: an overview",
"author": "Mustafa",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1225",
"journal-title": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)",
"key": "ref36",
"volume": "15",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1515/jbcpp-2021-0172",
"article-title": "Phytocompounds and their molecular targets in immunomodulation: a review",
"author": "Cherian",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol",
"key": "ref37",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/molecules24010041",
"article-title": "A review of lignan metabolism, milk enterolactone concentration, and antioxidant status of dairy cows fed flaxseed",
"author": "Brito",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "41",
"journal-title": "Molecules",
"key": "ref38",
"volume": "24",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/molecules25245888",
"article-title": "Can natural polyphenols help in reducing cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients?",
"author": "Giovinazzo",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "5888",
"journal-title": "Molecules",
"key": "ref39",
"volume": "25",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03025",
"article-title": "Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effect of plant sterol and Galactooligosaccharides-enriched beverages in Caco-2 cells",
"author": "López-García",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1862",
"journal-title": "J Agric Food Chem",
"key": "ref40",
"volume": "68",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1155/2020/3621261",
"article-title": "Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside exerts anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through inhibiting the Akt/IκB/NF-κB pathway on human umbilical vein endothelial cells",
"author": "Zhang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "3621261",
"journal-title": "Mediat Inflamm",
"key": "ref41",
"volume": "2020",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.2174/138161213804805793",
"article-title": "The interplay between the gut immune system and microbiota in health and disease: nutraceutical intervention for restoring intestinal homeostasis",
"author": "Magrone",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1329",
"journal-title": "Curr Pharm Des",
"key": "ref42",
"volume": "19",
"year": "2013"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fimmu.2019.00729",
"article-title": "Polyphenols: immunomodulatory and therapeutic implication in colorectal cancer",
"author": "Mileo",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "729",
"journal-title": "Front Immunol",
"key": "ref43",
"volume": "10",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fphar.2020.599959",
"article-title": "Phytosterols: from preclinical evidence to potential clinical applications",
"author": "Salehi",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "599959",
"journal-title": "Front Pharmacol",
"key": "ref44",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.18632/aging.203649",
"article-title": "Matairesinol exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in sepsis-mediated brain injury by repressing the MAPK and NF-κB pathways through up-regulating AMPK",
"author": "Wu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "23780",
"journal-title": "Aging (Albany NY)",
"key": "ref45",
"volume": "13",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1155/2018/1264074",
"article-title": "Regulation of immune function by polyphenols",
"author": "Ding",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1264074",
"journal-title": "J Immunol Res",
"key": "ref46",
"volume": "2018",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/foods8110582",
"article-title": "Phytosterols suppress phagocytosis and inhibit inflammatory mediators via ERK pathway on LPS-triggered inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages and the correlation with their structure",
"author": "Yuan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "582",
"journal-title": "Foods",
"key": "ref47",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fcvm.2022.986905",
"article-title": "β-Sitosterol inhibits trimethylamine production by regulating the gut microbiota and attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice",
"author": "Wu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "986905",
"journal-title": "Front Cardiovasc Med",
"key": "ref48",
"volume": "9",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fimmu.2021.796855",
"article-title": "Cholesterol-rich lipid rafts as platforms for SARS-CoV-2 entry",
"author": "Palacios-Rápalo",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "796855",
"journal-title": "Front Immunol",
"key": "ref49",
"volume": "12",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/ijms232012236",
"article-title": "The impacts of cholesterol, oxysterols, and cholesterol lowering dietary compounds on the immune system",
"author": "Yanagisawa",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "12236",
"journal-title": "Int J Mol Sci",
"key": "ref50",
"volume": "23",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/molecules27020523",
"article-title": "The bioavailability and biological activities of phytosterols as modulators of cholesterol metabolism",
"author": "Li",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "27",
"journal-title": "Molecules",
"key": "ref51",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1194/jlr.M500272-JLR200",
"article-title": "Plant sterols and stanols: effects on mixed micellar composition and LXR (target gene) activation",
"author": "Plat",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2468",
"journal-title": "J Lipid Res",
"key": "ref52",
"volume": "46",
"year": "2005"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1093/jn/136.8.2135",
"article-title": "Reduction of cholesterol absorption by dietary plant sterols and stanols in mice is independent of the Abcg5/8 transporter",
"author": "Plösch",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2135",
"journal-title": "J Nutr",
"key": "ref53",
"volume": "136",
"year": "2006"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1074/jbc.M603781200",
"article-title": "Sterol intermediates from cholesterol biosynthetic pathway as liver X receptor ligands",
"author": "Yang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "27816",
"journal-title": "J Biol Chem",
"key": "ref54",
"volume": "281",
"year": "2006"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1172/JCI22186",
"article-title": "Disruption of cholesterol homeostasis by plant sterols",
"author": "Yang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "813",
"journal-title": "J Clin Invest",
"key": "ref55",
"volume": "114",
"year": "2004"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.125",
"article-title": "Bergamot polyphenolic fraction enhances rosuvastatin-induced effect on LDL-cholesterol, LOX-1 expression and protein kinase B phosphorylation in patients with hyperlipidemia",
"author": "Gliozzi",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "140",
"journal-title": "Int J Cardiol",
"key": "ref56",
"volume": "170",
"year": "2013"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158849",
"article-title": "Cholesterol, lipoproteins, and COVID-19: basic concepts and clinical applications",
"author": "Kočar",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "158849",
"journal-title": "Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids",
"key": "ref57",
"volume": "1866",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/mnfr.202001019",
"article-title": "Dietary flavonoids and cardiovascular disease: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis",
"author": "Micek",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "e2001019",
"journal-title": "Mol Nutr Food Res",
"key": "ref58",
"volume": "65",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu14030545",
"article-title": "The effect of dietary polyphenols on vascular health and hypertension: current evidence and mechanisms of action",
"author": "Grosso",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "545",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "ref59",
"volume": "14",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/10408398.2018.1492900",
"article-title": "Dietary polyphenols and type 2 diabetes: human study and clinical trial",
"author": "Cao",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "3371",
"journal-title": "Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr",
"key": "ref60",
"volume": "59",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1039/c8fo01997e",
"article-title": "The effects of polyphenols and other bioactives on human health",
"author": "Fraga",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "514",
"journal-title": "Food Funct",
"key": "ref61",
"volume": "10",
"year": "2019"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134668",
"article-title": "The effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in obesity management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human clinical trials",
"author": "Zhang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "134668",
"journal-title": "Food Chem",
"key": "ref62",
"volume": "404",
"year": "2023"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110702",
"article-title": "An update on β-sitosterol: a potential herbal nutraceutical for diabetic management",
"author": "Babu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "110702",
"journal-title": "Biomed Pharmacother",
"key": "ref63",
"volume": "131",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325353",
"article-title": "Diet quality and risk and severity of COVID-19: a prospective cohort study",
"author": "Merino",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2096",
"journal-title": "Gut",
"key": "ref64",
"volume": "70",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/nu13062114",
"article-title": "Dietary Behaviors and incident COVID-19 in the UK biobank",
"author": "Vu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "2114",
"journal-title": "Nutrients",
"key": "ref65",
"volume": "13",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1111/bcp.12924",
"article-title": "Mediterranean diet, dietary polyphenols and low grade inflammation: results from the MOLI-SANI study",
"author": "Bonaccio",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "107",
"journal-title": "Br J Clin Pharmacol",
"key": "ref66",
"volume": "83",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3233/MNM-200597",
"article-title": "The Mediterranean diet: healthy and sustainable dietary pattern in the time of Sars-Cov-2",
"author": "Bagnato",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "365",
"journal-title": "Med J Nutrition Metab",
"key": "ref67",
"volume": "14",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1160/TH15-06-0487",
"article-title": "Polyphenol intake is associated with low-grade inflammation, using a novel data analysis from the Moli-sani study",
"author": "Pounis",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "344",
"journal-title": "Thromb Haemost",
"key": "ref68",
"volume": "115",
"year": "2016"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41538-020-00081-0",
"article-title": "Side-stream products of malting: a neglected source of phytochemicals",
"author": "Koistinen",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "21",
"journal-title": "NPJ Sci Food",
"key": "ref69",
"volume": "4",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/j.2050-0416.2007.tb00263.x",
"article-title": "Does beer contain compounds that might interfere with cholesterol metabolism?",
"author": "Muller",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "102",
"journal-title": "J Inst Brew",
"key": "ref70",
"volume": "113",
"year": "2007"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/cells11091499",
"article-title": "A phase II study on the effect of Taurisolo® administered via AEROsol in hospitalized patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 pneumonia: the TAEROVID-19 study",
"author": "Sanduzzi Zamparelli",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1499",
"journal-title": "Cells",
"key": "ref71",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.33696/Pharmacol.2.014",
"article-title": "Beta-sitosterol: as immunostimulant, antioxidant and inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein",
"author": "Khan",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "12",
"journal-title": "Arch Pharmacol Ther",
"key": "ref72",
"volume": "2",
"year": "2020"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/slct.202202069",
"article-title": "In-silico computational investigations of AntiViral lignan derivatives as potent inhibitors of SARS CoV-2",
"author": "Sureja",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "e202202069",
"journal-title": "Chemistry Select",
"key": "ref73",
"volume": "7",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.003",
"article-title": "Intake of the plant lignans matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, and lariciresinol in relation to vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in middle age-elderly men and post-menopausal women living in northern Italy",
"author": "Pellegrini",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "64",
"journal-title": "Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis",
"key": "ref74",
"volume": "20",
"year": "2010"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41586-020-2918-0",
"article-title": "Age-specific mortality and immunity patterns of SARS-CoV-2",
"author": "O’Driscoll",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "140",
"journal-title": "Nature",
"key": "ref75",
"volume": "590",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1002/rmv.2223",
"article-title": "Sex-based differences in severity and mortality in COVID-19",
"author": "Alwani",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "e2223",
"journal-title": "Rev Med Virol",
"key": "ref76",
"volume": "31",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107817",
"article-title": "Impact of obesity on COVID-19 patients",
"author": "Yu",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "107817",
"journal-title": "J Diabetes Complicat",
"key": "ref77",
"volume": "35",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.23736/S2724-5985.22.03194-1",
"article-title": "COVID-19 and alcohol consumption: recommendations in the omicron era",
"author": "Testino",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino)",
"key": "ref78",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/ph14100946",
"article-title": "Novel delivery systems of polyphenols and their potential health benefits",
"author": "Enaru",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "946",
"journal-title": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)",
"key": "ref79",
"volume": "14",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/biomedicines9081074",
"article-title": "Pharmacological properties of polyphenols: bioavailability, mechanisms of action, and biological effects in in vitro studies, animal models, and humans",
"author": "Stromsnes",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1074",
"journal-title": "Biomedicine",
"key": "ref80",
"volume": "9",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1038/s41430-021-00991-6",
"article-title": "Role of the gut microbiome in chronic diseases: a narrative review",
"author": "Vijay",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "489",
"journal-title": "Eur J Clin Nutr",
"key": "ref81",
"volume": "76",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1101/2021.07.15.452246",
"article-title": "Gut microbiome dysbiosis during COVID-19 is associated with increased risk for bacteremia and microbial translocation",
"author": "Venzon",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"journal-title": "BioRxiv",
"key": "ref82",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1080/09637486.2020.1807475",
"article-title": "Probiotics and COVID-19",
"author": "Bottari",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "293",
"journal-title": "Int J Food Sci Nutr",
"key": "ref83",
"volume": "72",
"year": "2021"
},
{
"article-title": "Znaczenie mikrobioty jelitowej w kształtowaniu zdrowia człowieka—implikacje w praktyce lekarza rodzinnego",
"author": "Gałecka",
"first-page": "50",
"journal-title": "Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej",
"key": "ref84",
"volume": "12",
"year": "2018"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.04.007",
"article-title": "Nutrition as a key to boost immunity against COVID-19",
"author": "Calcuttawala",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "17",
"journal-title": "Clin Nutr ESPEN",
"key": "ref85",
"volume": "49",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3390/antiox11061212",
"article-title": "Dietary polyphenol, gut microbiota, and health benefits",
"author": "Wang",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1212",
"journal-title": "Antioxidants (Basel)",
"key": "ref86",
"volume": "11",
"year": "2022"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3389/fmicb.2017.00804",
"article-title": "Efficacy of (+)-Lariciresinol to control bacterial growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli O157:H7",
"author": "Bajpai",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "804",
"journal-title": "Front Microbiol",
"key": "ref87",
"volume": "8",
"year": "2017"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1159/000177548",
"article-title": "Effects of stigmasterol-supplemented diets on fecal neutral sterols and bile acid excretion in rats",
"author": "Andriamiarina",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "297",
"journal-title": "Ann Nutr Metab",
"key": "ref88",
"volume": "33",
"year": "1989"
},
{
"DOI": "10.3945/ajcn.111.027847",
"article-title": "Influence of red wine polyphenols and ethanol on the gut microbiota ecology and biochemical biomarkers",
"author": "Queipo-Ortuño",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1323",
"journal-title": "Am J Clin Nutr",
"key": "ref89",
"volume": "95",
"year": "2012"
},
{
"DOI": "10.1039/c4fo00029c",
"article-title": "High levels of Bifidobacteria are associated with increased levels of anthocyanin microbial metabolites: a randomized clinical trial",
"author": "Boto-Ordóñez",
"doi-asserted-by": "publisher",
"first-page": "1932",
"journal-title": "Food Funct",
"key": "ref90",
"volume": "5",
"year": "2014"
}
],
"reference-count": 90,
"references-count": 90,
"relation": {},
"resource": {
"primary": {
"URL": "https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016/full"
}
},
"score": 1,
"short-title": [],
"source": "Crossref",
"subject": [
"Nutrition and Dietetics",
"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism",
"Food Science"
],
"subtitle": [],
"title": "Association of dietary intake of polyphenols, lignans, and phytosterols with immune-stimulating microbiota and COVID-19 risk in a group of Polish men and women",
"type": "journal-article",
"update-policy": "http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/crossmark-policy",
"volume": "10"
}
