{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 4]], 'date-time': '2023-08-04T04:27:03Z', 'timestamp': 1691123223844},
'reference-count': 90,
'publisher': 'Frontiers Media SA',
'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 3]],
'date-time': '2023-08-03T00:00:00Z',
'timestamp': 1691020800000},
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'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/'}],
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'abstract': '<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives</jats:title><jats:p>Devastating consequences of COVID-19 '
'disease enhanced the role of promoting prevention-focused practices. Among targeted efforts, '
'diet is regarded as one of the potential factors which can affect immune function and optimal '
'nutrition is postulated as the method of augmentation of people’s viral resistance. As '
'epidemiological evidence is scarce, the present study aimed to explore the association '
'between dietary intake of total polyphenols, lignans and plant sterols and the abundance of '
'immunomodulatory gut microbiota such as Enterococcus spp. and <jats:italic>Escherichia '
'coli</jats:italic> and the risk of developing COVID-19 '
'disease.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Demographic '
'data, dietary habits, physical activity as well as the composition of body and gut microbiota '
'were analyzed in a sample of 95 young healthy individuals. Dietary polyphenol, lignan and '
'plant sterol intakes have been retrieved based on the amount of food consumed by the '
'participants, the phytochemical content was assessed in laboratory analysis and using '
'available databases.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>For '
'all investigated polyphenols and phytosterols, except campesterol, every unit increase in the '
'tertile of intake category was associated with a decrease in the odds of contracting '
'COVID-19. The risk reduction ranged from several dozen percent to 70 %, depending on the '
'individual plant-based chemical, and after controlling for basic covariates it was '
'statistically significant for secoisolariciresinol (OR\u2009=\u20090.28, 95% CI: 0.11–0.61), '
'total phytosterols (OR\u2009=\u20090.47, 95% CI: 0.22–0.95) and for stigmasterols (OR\u2009'
'=\u20090.34, 95% CI: 0.14–0.72). We found an inverse association between increased '
'β-sitosterol intake and phytosterols in total and the occurrence of <jats:italic>Escherichia '
'coli</jats:italic> in stool samples outside reference values, with 72% (OR\u2009=\u20090.28, '
'95% CI: 0.08–0.86) and 66% (OR\u2009=\u20090.34, 95% CI: 0.10–1.08) reduced odds of abnormal '
'level of bacteria for the highest compared with the lowest tertile of phytochemical '
'consumption. Additionally, there was a trend of more frequent presence of Enterococcus spp. '
'at relevant level in people with a higher intake of '
'lariciresinol.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>The '
'beneficial effects of polyphenols and phytosterols should be emphasized and these plant-based '
'compounds should be regarded in the context of their utility as antiviral agents preventing '
'influenza-type infections.</jats:p></jats:sec>',
'DOI': '10.3389/fnut.2023.1241016',
'type': 'journal-article',
'created': {'date-parts': [[2023, 8, 3]], 'date-time': '2023-08-03T12:12:00Z', 'timestamp': 1691064720000},
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'source': 'Crossref',
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'title': 'Association of dietary intake of polyphenols, lignans, and phytosterols with immune-stimulating '
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{'given': 'Izabela', 'family': 'Bolesławska', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Paweł', 'family': 'Jagielski', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Kamil', 'family': 'Konopka', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Anna', 'family': 'Waśkiewicz', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Anna Maria', 'family': 'Witkowska', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Juliusz', 'family': 'Przysławski', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []},
{'given': 'Justyna', 'family': 'Godos', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}],
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