Abstract: § EDITORIAL ARTICLES Mareev V. Yu.1,2, Orlova Ya.A.1,2, Plisyk A.G.1,2, Pavlikova E.P.1,2, Akopyan Z.A.1,2, Matskeplishvili S.Т.1, Malahov P. S.1, Krasnova T. N.1,2, Seredenina E.M.1,2, Potapenko A.V.1,2, Agapov M.A.1,2, Asratyan D.A.1, Dyachuk L.I.1,2, Samokhodskaya L. M.1,2, Mershina Е. А.1,2, Sinitsyn V. E.1,2, Pakhomov P. V.2, Zhdanova E.A.1,2, Mareev Yu.V.3,4, Begrambekova Yu. L.1,2, Kamalov А. А.1,2 Medical Research and Educational Center of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia 3 National Medical Research Centre for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia 4 Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Glasgow, Great Britain 1 2 Proactive anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine in the treatment of advanced stages of new coronavirus infection. The first results of the COLORIT study Actuality The course of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is unpredictable. In some cases, it manifests as increasing inflammation that leads to a cytokine storm and irreversible progression to acute respiratory syndrome, which is associated with the risk of death. Thus, proactive anti-inflammatory therapy remains an open, serious question for patients with COVID-19 and pneumonia. This is especially true for those patients who still have signs of inflammation on days 7–9 of the disease. These signs include elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) >60 mg / dl and at least two of the four clinical signs: 1) fever >37.5°C; 2) persistent cough; 3) dyspnea (RR >20 brpm) and / or reduced arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) <94 % when breathing atmospheric air. We designed the randomized trial: COLchicine versus Ruxolitinib and Secukinumab in Open-label Prospective Randomized Trial in Patients with COVID-19 (COLORIT). We present here data comparing patients who received colchicine with those who did not receive this specific anti-inflammatory therapy. Results of the comparison of colchicine, ruxolitinib, and secukinumab will be presented later. Objective Compare efficacy and safety of colchicine in the management of patients with COVID-19 to that without specific anti-inflammatory therapy. Material and Methods Initially, 20 people were expected to be randomized in the control group. However, enrollment to the control group was discontinued after the inclusion of 5 patients due to the risk of severe deterioration in the absence of anti-inflammatory treatment. Therefore, 17 patients, who had not received antiinflammatory therapy when previously treated in the MSU Medical Research and Educational Center, were also included in the control group. The effects of treatment were assessed on day 12 after inclusion or at discharge if discharge occurred earlier than on day 12. The primary endpoint was changes in the SHOCS-COVID score, which includes an assessment of the patient’s clinical condition, CT score of lung tissue damage, the severity of systemic inflammation as indicated by changes in CRP, and the risk of thrombotic complications as indicated by D-dimer [1]. Results In the colchicine group, the median SHOCS score decreased from 8 to 2 (p=0.017), i.e., from a moderate to a mild degree. In the control group, the change in the SHOCS-COVID score was minimal and statistically insignificant. In patients treated with colchicine, CRP decreased rapidly from 99.4 and normalized at 4.2 mg / dl (p<0.001). In the control group, CRP decreased moderately but..