Supplementary Data — Indomethacin for COVID-19: real-time meta-analysis of 4 studies

@CovidAnalysis, October 2026, Version 3V3 (V1 2022)
c19early.org
October 2026

Indomethacin COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk
Gordon (PSM)67%0.33 · 0.04–3.15hosp.1/1033/103OT1 Gordon (PSM)57%0.43 · 0.11–1.61progression3/1037/103OT1 Ravichandran (PSM)96%0.04 · 0.00–0.26oxygen1/7228/72OT1 Ravichandran43%0.57 · 0.48–0.67recov. time72 (n)72 (n)OT1 Ravichandran54%0.46 · 0.37–0.58recov. time72 (n)72 (n)OT1 Ravichandran62%0.38 · 0.28–0.50recov. time72 (n)72 (n)OT1 Salmasi (RCT)66%0.34 · 0.01–7.89ventilation0/221/23 Salmasi (RCT)−40%1.40 · 0.52–3.81recov. time22 (n)23 (n) Ravichandran (RCT)30%0.70 · 0.56–0.88no recov.52/10377/107OT1 Ravichandran (RCT)98%0.02 · 0.00–0.41progression0/10320/107OT1 Ravichandran (RCT)57%0.43 · 0.33–0.55recov. time103 (n)107 (n)OT1 Ravichandran (RCT)43%0.57 · 0.48–0.67recov. time103 (n)107 (n)OT1 Ravichandran (RCT)43%0.57 · 0.48–0.67recov. time103 (n)107 (n)OT1 Ravichandran (RCT)17%0.83 · 0.64–1.08viral+37/6243/60OT1
00.511.52+
1 OT: comparison with other treatment
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← Indomethacin
reduces riskIndomethacin
increases risk →
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.