Supplementary Data — Indomethacin for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 4 studies

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 3V3
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Gordon (PSM) 67% 0.33 [0.04-3.15] hosp. 1/103 3/103 OT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Gordon (PSM) 57% 0.43 [0.11-1.61] progression 3/103 7/103 OT​1​ Ravichandran (PSM) 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.26] oxygen 1/72 28/72 OT​1​ Ravichandran 43% 0.57 [0.48-0.67] recov. time 72 (n) 72 (n) OT​1​ Ravichandran 54% 0.46 [0.37-0.58] recov. time 72 (n) 72 (n) OT​1​ Ravichandran 62% 0.38 [0.28-0.50] recov. time 72 (n) 72 (n) OT​1​ Salmasi (RCT) 66% 0.34 [0.01-7.89] ventilation 0/22 1/23 Salmasi (RCT) -40% 1.40 [0.52-3.81] recov. time 22 (n) 23 (n) Ravichandran (RCT) 30% 0.70 [0.56-0.88] no recov. 52/103 77/107 OT​1​ Ravichandran (RCT) 98% 0.02 [0.00-0.41] progression 0/103 20/107 OT​1​ Ravichandran (RCT) 57% 0.43 [0.33-0.55] recov. time 103 (n) 107 (n) OT​1​ Ravichandran (RCT) 43% 0.57 [0.48-0.67] recov. time 103 (n) 107 (n) OT​1​ Ravichandran (RCT) 43% 0.57 [0.48-0.67] recov. time 103 (n) 107 (n) OT​1​ Ravichandran (RCT) 17% 0.83 [0.64-1.08] viral+ 37/62 43/60 OT​1​ Indomethacin COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 ​1​ OT: comparison with other treatment Favors indomethacin Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.