Vitamin D enhances type I IFN signaling in COVID-19 patients

{ 'indexed': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 23]], 'date-time': '2022-10-23T04:55:42Z', 'timestamp': 1666500942669}, 'reference-count': 52, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 22]], 'date-time': '2022-10-22T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1666396800000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 22]], 'date-time': '2022-10-22T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1666396800000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The ability of Vitamin D (VitD) to modulate ' 'antiviral responses through induction of antimicrobial peptide is well established. However, ' 'the effect of VitD on host responses to SARS-CoV-2 is not well investigated. We here report ' 'the ability of VitD to enhance host IFN-alpha/beta (a/β) signaling both in vitro and among ' 'severe COVID-19 patients treated with VitD. Blood and saliva specimens were obtained from ' 'severe COVID-19 patients treated (43 patients), or not (37 patients), with vitD, during their ' 'stay in intensive care unit. Patients were followed up to 29\xa0days following admission, and ' 'patient survival outcomes were collected. Higher activity levels of RIG-1/MDA-5 and JAK-STAT ' 'signaling pathways were observed with significantly higher gene and protein levels of ' 'antiviral interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) such as MX-1 and ISG-15; both in vitro, ' 'following treatment of PBMCs with vitD, and in whole blood and saliva specimens of VitD ' 'treated patients. Moreover, VitD treated patients had lower risk of all-cause mortality by ' 'day 29 compared to untreated patients (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.37, 95% confidence interval ' 'of 0.14–0.94; P\u2009=\u20090.038). The herein uncovered regulatory role of VitD on type I ' 'IFNs suggests the importance of insuring a normal level of VitD for the prevention and ' 'probably treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additional mechanistic studies, however, are ' 'needed to fully elucidate the antiviral effects of VitD particularly in the setting of ' 'COVID-19 infection.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41598-022-22307-9', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': { 'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 22]], 'date-time': '2022-10-22T13:05:16Z', 'timestamp': 1666443916000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 0, 'title': 'Vitamin D enhances type I IFN signaling in COVID-19 patients', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '12', 'author': [ {'given': 'Shirin', 'family': 'Hafezi', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Fatemeh', 'family': 'Saheb Sharif-Askari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Narjes', 'family': 'Saheb Sharif-Askari', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'given': 'Hawra', 'family': 'Ali Hussain Alsayed', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Habiba', 'family': 'Alsafar', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Fatme', 'family': 'Al Anouti', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Qutayba', 'family': 'Hamid', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Rabih', 'family': 'Halwani', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}], 'member': '297', 'published-online': {'date-parts': [[2022, 10, 22]]}, 'reference': [ { 'key': '22307_CR1', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'first-page': '1194', 'DOI': '10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.016', 'volume': '181', 'author': 'J-L Casanova', 'year': '2020', 'unstructured': 'Casanova, J.-L. et al. 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