Ambient carbon dioxide concentration correlates with SARS-CoV-2 aerostability and infection risk

{ 'indexed': {'date-parts': [[2024, 5, 29]], 'date-time': '2024-05-29T00:50:47Z', 'timestamp': 1716943847044}, 'reference-count': 55, 'publisher': 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 'issue': '1', 'license': [ { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 25]], 'date-time': '2024-04-25T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1714003200000}, 'content-version': 'tdm', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}, { 'start': { 'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 25]], 'date-time': '2024-04-25T00:00:00Z', 'timestamp': 1714003200000}, 'content-version': 'vor', 'delay-in-days': 0, 'URL': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0'}], 'funder': [ { 'DOI': '10.13039/501100000268', 'name': 'RCUK | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council', 'doi-asserted-by': 'publisher', 'award': ['BB/W00884X/1']}], 'content-domain': {'domain': ['link.springer.com'], 'crossmark-restriction': False}, 'abstract': '<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>An improved understanding of the underlying ' 'physicochemical properties of respiratory aerosol that influence viral infectivity may open ' 'new avenues to mitigate the transmission of respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Previous ' 'studies have shown that an increase in the pH of respiratory aerosols following generation ' 'due to changes in the gas-particle partitioning of pH buffering bicarbonate ions and carbon ' 'dioxide is a significant factor in reducing SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. We show here that a ' 'significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 aerostability results from a moderate increase in the ' 'atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (e.g. 800 ppm), an effect that is more marked than ' 'that observed for changes in relative humidity. We model the likelihood of COVID-19 ' 'transmission on the ambient concentration of CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>, concluding that even ' 'this moderate increase in CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration results in a significant ' 'increase in overall risk. These observations confirm the critical importance of ventilation ' 'and maintaining low CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentrations in indoor environments for ' 'mitigating disease transmission. Moreover, the correlation of increased ' 'CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> concentration with viral aerostability need to be better understood ' 'when considering the consequences of increases in ambient CO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> levels in ' 'our atmosphere.</jats:p>', 'DOI': '10.1038/s41467-024-47777-5', 'type': 'journal-article', 'created': {'date-parts': [[2024, 4, 25]], 'date-time': '2024-04-25T11:01:44Z', 'timestamp': 1714042904000}, 'update-policy': 'http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy', 'source': 'Crossref', 'is-referenced-by-count': 1, 'title': 'Ambient carbon dioxide concentration correlates with SARS-CoV-2 aerostability and infection risk', 'prefix': '10.1038', 'volume': '15', 'author': [ { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0296-2791', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Allen', 'family': 'Haddrell', 'sequence': 'first', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-8593', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Henry', 'family': 'Oswin', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3549-850X', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Mara', 'family': 'Otero-Fernandez', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-3667', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Joshua F.', 'family': 'Robinson', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, {'given': 'Tristan', 'family': 'Cogan', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-9051', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Robert', 'family': 'Alexander', 'sequence': 'additional', 'affiliation': []}, { 'ORCID': 'http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7037-1286', 'authenticated-orcid': False, 'given': 'Jamie F. 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