Supplementary Data — Iota-carrageenan for COVID-19: real-time meta analysis of 1 study

@CovidAnalysis, December 2025, Version 3V3
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2+ Excluded Carvallo 96% 0.04 [0.00-0.63] cases 0/131 11/98 CT​1​ Improvement, RR [CI] Treatment Control Excluded Carvallo 100% 0.00 [0.00-0.02] cases 0/788 237/407 CT​1​ CARR-COV-02 Figueroa (DB RCT) 80% 0.20 [0.05-0.78] symp. case 2/196 10/198 Iota-carrageenan COVID-19 outcomes c19early.org December 2025 ​1​ CT: study uses combined treatment Favors carrageenan Favors control
Fig. S1. All outcomes.
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Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.