Abstract: The Journal of Nutrition xxx (xxxx) xxx
journal homepage: https://jn.nutrition.org/
Nutrition and Disease
A Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation and COVID-19
Clinical Outcomes and Long COVID: The Vitamin D for COVID-19 Trial
Davaasambuu Ganmaa 1, 2, 3, †, Kaitlyn A Cook 4, †, Polyna Khudyakov 5, Dorjbal Enkhjargal 6,
Tsolmon Bilegtsaikhan 7, Kenneth H Mayer 8, Allison Clar 9, Michael Rueschman 10,
Raji Balasubramanian 11, Aditi Hazra 9, Howard D Sesso 9, 12, Valerie E Stone 13,
Patricia Copeland 9, Georgina Friedenberg 9, Douglas C Smith 14, Quanhong Lei 15, Todd Lee 16,
Emily G McDonald 16, Tserenkhuu Enkhtsetseg 3, Erdenebaatar Sumiya 3,
Yansanjav Narankhuu 3, Myagmarsuren Erdenetuya 17, Dalkh Tserendagva 18,
Rikard Landberg 19, Niclas Roxhed 20, Susanne Rautiainen Lagerstr€
om 21, JoAnn E Manson 9, 12, *
1
Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 2 Department of Nutrition,
Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; 3 Mongolian Health Initiative, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 4 Program in Statistical and
Data Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, USA; 5 Sage Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 6 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and
Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 7 National Center for
Communicable Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 8 The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health and Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess
Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 9 Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 10 Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;
11
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, School of Public Health, Amherst, MA, USA; 12 Department of
Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; 13 Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital,
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 14 Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 15 ADARx Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego,
CA, USA; 16 Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 17 Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Management, School of
Pharmacy, Mongolian National University of Medical Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 18 Department of Internal Medicine, International School of
Mongolian Medicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Science, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia; 19 Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers
University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 20 Department of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden;
21
Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
A B S T R A C T
Background: Data from randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation in modifying the course of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections are sparse.
Objectives: We evaluated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on healthcare utilization and other clinical outcomes among adults
with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their close contacts.
Methods: We conducted a parallel 2-group randomized controlled double-blinded trial targeting free-living adults in the United States and
Mongolia. Index participants with newly diagnosed COVID-19 were cluster-randomized with up to one of their cohabiting contacts..
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