Supplementary Data — Chlorpheniramine reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta-analysis of 3 studies

@CovidAnalysis, October 2026, Version 1V1

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c19early.org

October 2026

Chlorpheniramine COVID-19 outcomes

StudyImprovementRR · 95% CIOutcomeTreatmentControlRelative Risk

Valerio-.. (DB RCT)61%0.39 · 0.24–0.63no recov.61 (n)40 (n)ACCROS-I Valerio-.. (DB RCT)67%0.33 · 0.09–1.24no recov.3/616/40ACCROS-I Valerio-.. (DB RCT)89%0.11 · 0.01–0.87no recov.1/616/40ACCROS-I Valerio-.. (DB RCT)53%0.47 · 0.23–0.95no recov.10/6114/40ACCROS-I Valerio-.. (DB RCT)67%0.33 · 0.06–1.71no recov.2/614/40ACCROS-I Valerio-.. (DB RCT)59%0.41 · 0.14–1.16no recov.5/618/40ACCROS-I Valerio-.. (DB RCT)74%0.26 · 0.12–0.58PASC55 (n)46 (n)ACCROS-I Valerio-Pascua54%0.46 · 0.36–0.58recov. time330 (n)330 (n)ACCROS-II Sanchez-.. (DB RCT)87%0.13 · 0.01–2.46hosp.0/322/13

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← Chlorpheniramine
reduces riskChlorpheniramine
increases risk →

Fig. S1. All outcomes.

Fig. S2. Comparison of results for RCTs versus observational studies. For COVID-19 treatments, there is no significant difference between the results of RCTs and observational studies. Observational studies do not systematically over or underestimate efficacy. For high-cost treatments, there is a non-significant trend towards RCTs showing greater efficacy.