Budesonide reduces COVID-19 risk: real-time meta-analysis of 14 studies (Version 32)

Significantly lower risk is seen for mortality, ICU admission, hospitalization, progression, recovery, and cases. 10 studies from 10 independent teams in 6 countries show significant benefit.

Meta-analysis using the most serious outcome reported shows 27% [16‑35%] lower risk. Results are similar for Randomized Controlled Trials, higher quality studies, and peer-reviewed studies. Early treatment is more effective than late treatment.

Results are very robust—in worst case exclusion sensitivity analysis 10 of 14 studies must be excluded before statistical significance is lost.

Control Budesonide

4 RCTs with 916 patients have not reported results (up to 5 years late).

Inhaler technique and adherence may significantly affect outcomes1.

No treatment is 100% effective. Protocols combine safe and effective options with individual risk/benefit analysis and monitoring. Other treatments are more effective. All data and sources to reproduce this analysis are in the appendix.

Other meta-analyses show significant improvement with budesonide for recovery2,3.

2 meta-analyses show significant improvement with budesonide for recovery1,2.